考虑不同区域气象与地理条件差异的广域光伏电站规划

Wide Area Photovoltaic Power Plants Planning Considering the Differences in Meteorological and Geographical Conditions in Different Regions

目前全国各地正大力发展光伏发电,并有部分省份提出了全省光伏发电发展目标。与局部光伏电站规划相比,以全省这样的广域为规划范围会遇到气象信息难以获取、光伏出力难以估计、各地地理条件差异大等问题。为此提出了一种考虑地理与气象条件差异的广域光伏电站规划方法。针对各地气象条件差异,通过纬度、太阳位置等地理信息计算出任意地点任意时间的光照强度,再通过气象插值模型获得目标位置的其他气象信息,并构建了含注意力机制的长短期记忆网络模型,对各地单位光伏容量的光伏出力进行预测。针对各地地理条件差异,结合了预测得到的各地区单位光伏容量年发电量,计算了不同地理条件影响下单位光伏容量的占地面积和开发成本,考虑了不同位置的电网运行约束,构建了广域光伏电站规划模型。以某一典型省份为场景验证了所提方法的合理性和优越性。与只通过光照强度强弱决定光伏电站开发的方法相比,考虑地理与气象差异的规划方法所得到的发电量更高也更准确,并且为各地的光伏电站开发提供了参考。

Various regions of China are vigorously developing the photovoltaic industry,and some provinces have proposed provincial photovoltaic development goals.Compared with local photovoltaic planning,taking a wide area of photovoltaic planning,such as planning in a whole province,will encounter problems such as difficulty in obtaining meteorological information,difficulty in estimating photovoltaic output power,and differences in geographical conditions across regions.A wide area photovoltaic power plant planning method considering differences in geographical and meteorological conditions was proposed for this purpose.Because of the differences in meteorological conditions in different regions,the solar radiation at any place at any time is calculated through geographical information such as latitude and position of the sun,and other meteorological information at the target location is obtained through the meteorological interpolation model.A Long-term memory network model with an attention mechanism is constructed to predict the photovoltaic output of unit photovoltaic capacity in different regions.Because of the geographical conditions differences in different regions,combined with the predicted annual power generation of unit photovoltaic in each region,the area and development cost of unit photovoltaic capacity under the influence of different geographical conditions were calculated,and the grid operation constraints in different locations were considered to build a model for wide area photovoltaic power station planning.The rationality and superiority of the proposed method were verified using a typical province as a scenario.The proposed method that considers the differences in geographical and meteorological conditions yields higher and more accurate power generation than the method that only considers solar radiation to determine the development of PV power plants and provides a reference for the development of PV power plants in various regions.