科学史杰出人才特征研究——基于萨顿奖的分析

A Research on the Characteristics of Outstanding Talents in the History of Science: Analysis Based on the George Sarton Medal

萨顿奖是科学史的最高荣誉之一,通过量化与质性研究相结合的方法对萨顿奖获奖者的基本信息、教育经历与学缘关系、研究领域、学术成果等四个维度进行分析。结果发现,获奖者在科学史领域长期努力耕耘、跨学科教育背景、一流学术机构的优势累积和科研产出兼顾数量与质量的统一,这些个人资本与场域资本共同塑造了科学史杰出人才。同时,获奖者的研究主题伴随着内外史张力结构互相融合、渗透而出现新范式、新转向和新视角。厘清科学史杰出人才的特征,为中国科学史人才培养在学术机构建设、科研管理政策制定、国际交流、学科背景与研究视野等方面提供建议。

The George Sarton Medal is a highly distinguished award in the field of the history of science.This study employs a mixed-methods approach to analyze the personal characteristics, educational background,research interests, and academic accomplishments of George Sarton Medal laureates. The findings indicate that a combination of personal and field capital, including a long-term commitment to the history of science,interdisciplinary education, affiliation with esteemed academic institutions, and a high volume of highquality research output, contributes to the development of exceptional talent in the field. The research topics of the laureates are influenced by internal and external historical tension structures, leading to new paradigms,perspectives, and directions in the field. The study concludes by offering recommendations for the cultivation of talents in the history of science in China, including establishing academic institutions, formulating management policies, promoting international exchange, considering field backgrounds, and defining research visions.