电力系统中的雷电暂态感知、监测和应用

Lightning Transient Sensing,Monitoring and Applications in Power Systems

雷电是造成电力系统故障的首要原因,实现对雷电暂态电压电流信号的感知、监测和数据应用对于维护系统安全稳定运行具有重要意义。面向日益复杂的新型电力系统结构形态,传感器件在满足雷电宽频测量的基础上,监测装置正朝着微型化、高精度、强互联和易取能方向发展。因此,该文基于雷电暂态感知方法、监测装置关键技术和雷击数据统计应用的研究现状,首先介绍了基于不同原理的电压/电场和电流/磁场传感技术,并分析了各自的优缺点;其次梳理了传感器微型化、时间同步、通信和供能等关键技术的最新进展;随后通过对雷击暂态波形的统计分析,探讨了监测数据在雷击故障识别与定位中的应用;最后对电力系统中雷电暂态感知、监测与应用进行总结并对其发展趋势作出展望。

Lightning is the primary cause of power system failures,and it is of important significance to implement the sensing and monitoring of lightning transient voltage and current and to realize data application to ensure safe and stable system operation.With the increasing complexity of modern power systems,sensor components must satisfy the demands for broad-spectrum lightning measurement,while monitoring devices are advancing towards miniaturization,high preci-sion,robust connectivity,and simplified access to energy.This paper reviews current research on lightning transient sensing methodologies,key monitoring technologies,and the statistical utilization of lightning data.Initially,the volt-age/electric field and current/magnetic field sensing techniques are introduced based on diverse principles,and their respective strengths and limitations are analyzed.Subsequently,recent strides on pivotal technologies such as sensor min-iaturization,time synchronization,communication protocols,and power supply methods are examined.The application of monitoring data in identifying and localizing lightning fault is further explored through statistical analysis of transient waveforms.Finally,the findings on lightning transient sensing,monitoring practices,and their application within power systems are summarized,and the prospects in future developmental trends are put forward.