新型电力系统专用传感与边缘智能关键技术及其展望

Key Technologies and Perspectives of Specialized Sensing and Edge Intelligence for New Power Systems

电力物联网在电力系统的实时传感、透明感知与全局调控中发挥着重要作用。随着新型电力系统的不断演化,传统的设备传感与静态独立的智能系统难以应对多样化业务需求激增、多元化数据爆发式增长、传感器通信可靠性差与能效低下和算法模型迭代成本高等难题。因此,高度多元集成、绿色持续可靠、云边端深度协同的新型电力系统专用传感与边缘智能有望成为新范式。该文首先以新型电力系统专用传感与边缘智能的基本内涵为基础,构建了专用传感与边缘智能融合贯通的体系架构。然后重点阐述了国产化高频新型传感技术、绿色供能的高性能嵌入式芯片技术、高可靠性灵活组网技术、轻量化模型推理技术、云边协同资源共享技术和在线学习持续迭代技术。并进一步展望了专用传感与边缘智能在数据治理、隐私保护、软件定义硬件、业务-算力微服务、多层分布式泛在智能和电力大模型等发展方向,以期为新型电力系统建设提供参考。

The internet of things plays a significant role in real-time sensing,transparent perception and global regulation of power systems.With the continuous development of new power systems,the traditional device sensing and static in-dependent intelligent systems are difficult to cope with problems such as the proliferation of varied business requirements,explosive growth of diversified data,poor communication reliability and low energy efficiency of sensors,and high cost of iteration algorithmic modelling.Therefore,it is anticipated that the new power systems,which is characterized by its specialized sensing and edge intelligence,will become the new paradigm,and the system is highly multifaceted and inte-grated,environmentally friendly and continuously reliable,with deep cloud-edge-end synergy.We constructed the system architecture of fusion and coherence of specialized sensing and edge intelligence on the basis of the fundamental connota-tion of these two elements in a new power system.Then,we emphatically discussed the key technologies,such as localized high-frequency new sensing technology,high-performance embedded chip technology with green energy supply,high-reliability flexible networking technology,lightweight model inference technology,cloud-edge collaborative re-source sharing technology,and online learning continuous iteration technology.Finally,to provide a reference for the construction of new power systems,we put forward the future development directions of specialized sensing and edge in-telligence in terms of data governance,privacy protection,software-defined hardware,business arithmetic microservices,multi-layer distributed ubiquitous intelligence,and power grand modelling.