“双碳”背景下碳-绿证-电力市场耦合机制综述

Review on Coupling Mechanism of Carbon,Green Certificate and Power Market Under the Background of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

“双碳”目标下,我国碳排放权交易市场(碳市场)、绿色电力证书交易市场(绿证市场)、电力市场在产品属性、价格形成、互认标准、核算体系等方面的联系日益密切,需要捋顺市场间耦合关系,使3个市场运作激励相容,更好地发挥政策工具和市场体系的协同化降碳作用。为此,首先总结碳绿证电力市场的耦合机理;在此基础上,进一步分析了碳绿证电力市场耦合的关键环节,包括配额的确定、环境权益工具互认机制、市场间衔接机制、市场出清模型,以及跨市场效果评估方法等,并综述现有的研究成果;最后,结合我国各市场发展现状,分析当前碳绿证电力市场耦合运作的发展趋势,并从环境政策工具的衔接、多市场耦合与政策效果评估等3个方面,提出对于碳绿证电力市场耦合的发展建议。

Under the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”,China’s carbon market,green certificate market and power market are increasingly connected in product attributes,price formation,mutual recognition standards,accounting system and other aspects.It is necessary to clarify the coupling relationship between the markets,so as to make the operation incentives of the three markets compatible,and better play the synergistic role of policy tools and market systems in terms of carbon reduction.Therefore,this paper first summarizes the coupling mechanism of carbon,green certificate and power market;On this basis,the paper further analyzes the key technologies of carbon-green certificate-power market coupling,including quota determination,mutual recognition mechanism of environmental rights and interests instruments,market linkage mechanism,market clearing model,and cross-market effect assessment method,and summarizes the existing related studies.Finally,according to the development status of each market in China,the development trend of the coupling operation of carbon-green-certificate-power market is analyzed,and the future development suggestions for the coupling of the markets are put forward from three aspects:the convergence of environmental policy tools,multi-market coupling and policy effect evaluation.