2024年北京市春季呼吸道病原体流行特征分析

Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in Beijing during the spring of 2024

目的掌握2024年北京市春季呼吸道感染病原体的流行特征,为临床呼吸道感染疾病的诊断治疗和疫情防控提供参考依据。方法依托北京市呼吸道病原监测系统,收集2024年17—20周北京市17个区35家哨点医院及北京市两家儿童医院的呼吸道感染患者样本,应用多重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术检测30种/型常见呼吸道病原体,并采集相应流行病学资料。结果2024年春季17~20周监测呼吸道感染病例734例,不同年龄组呼吸道病毒、肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体的阳性率为:<5岁39.8%(33/83)、5~17岁46.4%(77/166),18~59岁26.5%(61/230),≥60岁15.7%(40/255),其中鼻病毒在18~59岁和≥60岁年龄组位列第一;肺炎支原体在<5岁和5~17岁年龄组位列第一。急性上呼吸道感染样本呼吸道病原体检出率68.46%(293/428)。病原谱前6位为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、鼻病毒、肺炎支原体、百日咳鲍特氏菌、副流感病毒、A族链球菌、腺病毒,阳性率分别为30.16%(131/428)、12.15%(52/428)、11.68%(50/428)、11.68%(50/428)、6.78%(29/428)、5.14%(22/428)、5.14%(22/428)、4.91%(21/428)。结论2024年北京市春季呼吸道病毒以鼻病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒为主,细菌及支原体类病原谱以流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、肺炎支原体为主。持续加强呼吸道多病原监测有助于呼吸道疾病的诊断治疗和预警预测。

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infectious disease pathogens during the spring of 2024 in Beijing,so as to provide reference basis for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infections in clinical practice as well as the prevention and control of epidemics.MethodsBased on the Beijing respiratory pathogen monitoring system,samples of respiratory tract infection patients from 35 sentinel hospitals in 17 districts of Beijing and two children's hospitals in Beijing during period of the 17 th to 20 th weeks of 2024 were collected.The multiplexed real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect 30 species/types of common respiratory pathogens.The corresponding epidemiological data were also collected.ResultsDuring the period of 17 th to 20 th in the spring of 2024,734 cases of respiratory infections were detected.The positive rates for respiratory viruses,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,and Chlamydia pneumoniae in the different age groups were 39.8%(33/83)in under 5 age group,46.4%(77/166)in 5-17 age group,26.5%(61/230)in 18-59 age group and 15.7%(40/255)in≥60 age group.Rhinovirus ranked first in both the 18-59 and≥60 age groups;M.pneumoniae was dominant in the under 5 and 5-17 age groups.The top 6 pathogen were Haemophilus influenzae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,rhinovirus,M.pneumoniae,Bordetella pertussis,parainfluenza virus,group A Streptococcus,and adenovirus and the positive rates were 30.16%(131/428),12.15%(52/428),11.68%(50/428),11.68%(50/428),6.78%(29/428),5.14%(22/428),5.14%(22/428)and 4.91%(21/428),respectively.ConclusionsDuring the spring of 2024 in Beijing,the respiratory viruses were mainly rhinoviruses,parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses.The bacterial and mycoplasma-like pathogen spectrum was dominated by H.influenzae,S.pneumoniae and M.pneumonia.Continuous strengthened surveillance of multiple respiratory pathogens would assist diagnosis,treatment,warning,and prediction of respiratory diseases.