某医院蜱媒病患者血清抗体筛查与流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics and serum antibody screening among patients with tick-borne disease in a hospital

目的分析黑龙江省蜱媒传染病定点诊治医院—牡丹江林业中心医院收治的蜱媒传染病患者的流行病学特征,为防治提供科学依据。方法采集患者血清样本,应用间接免疫荧光试验和酶联免疫法检测森林脑炎、莱姆病和斑点热立克次体病(斑点热)抗体,收集病例的流行病学及临床资料,比较蜱媒病原体的检测阳性率在不同性别、年龄、民族、职业、居住地区、蜱叮咬史等特征间的差异。结果2023年5月至8月共检测525例蜱媒传染病患者血清,314例抗体阳性,阳性率为59.81%(314/525),其中森林脑炎91例(17.33%),莱姆病153例(29.14%),斑点热142例(27.05%),复合感染68例(12.95%)。有明确蜱叮咬史病例的抗体阳性率(60.24%)高于无蜱叮咬史病例(51.85%),经统计学检验差异无统计学意义。病例就诊高峰期在5月至6月。医院对患者治疗有效率高于94.51%。结论2023年黑龙江地区存在森林脑炎、莱姆病和斑点热流行,应进一步加强蜱媒传染病监测和防控工作。

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients with tick-borne diseases in Mudanjiang Forestry Central Hospital,so as to provide baseline data for the prevention and control of the disease.MethodsSerum samples were collected from the patients and tested for antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis,lyme disease and spotted fever rickettsiosis(spotted fever)by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-link immunosorbent assay.The epidemiological and clinical data were collected to compare the differences in positive detection rates of gender,age,ethnic group,occupation,residence region and history of tick bite.ResultsFrom May to August,2023,a total of 525 serum samples of tick-born patients were tested.There were 341 cases were tested positive and the positive rate was 59.81%,including 91 cases of tick-borne encephaliti(17.33%),153 cases of lyme disease(29.14%),142 cases of spotted fever(27.05%)and 68 cases of mixed infections(12.95%).The antibody positive rate of 60.24%(300/498)among cases with a history of tick bites was higher than those without the history(51.85%,14/27),but no statistically significant difference was observed.The peak of patient visits in hospital was observed in May and June.The response rate of the patients in the hospital was higher than 94.51%.ConclusionsEpidemics of ick-borne encephalitis,lyme disease and spotted fever rickettsiosis existed in Heilongjiang in 2023 and the surveillance as well as prevention and control of tick-borne disease should be enhanced.