水下航行器壁面仿生自适应变形的减阻研究

Drag reduction study on the biomimetic adaptive deformation of the wall surface of underwater vehicles

海豚等齿鲸亚目类动物具有高速游动能力,是水下仿生减阻的重要研究对象。本文根据海豚皮肤结构及自适应变形等特性进行工程尺度的仿生研究,设计一种以壁面边界层法向速度为输入信号的壁面变形运动控制方程,并通过动网格技术仿真模拟得到变形壁面的减阻性能。研究结果表明,在0.5~10m/s流速下变形壁面最优摩擦阻力减阻率为19.24%,最优总阻力减阻率为6.4%。施加仿生控制后壁面湍流边界层厚度有所增加,表面摩擦阻力减小,流场湍动能降低。将该仿生变形壁面应用于无附体SUBOFF潜艇模型表面开展减阻设计,在3.045~8.231m/s的速度范围内,潜艇总阻力减阻率均大于8.0%。

Dolphins and other toothed cetaceans have high-speed swimming ability and are important research objects for underwater biomimetic drag reduction.In this paper,based on the characteristics of dolphin skin structure and adaptive deformation,an engineering-scale bionic study was carried out,a wall deformation motion control equation with the normal velocity of the boundary layer of the wall surface as the input signal was designed,and the drag reduction performance of the deformed wall surface was simulated by the dynamic mesh technology.The results show that the optimal frictional resistance reduction rate of the deformed wall surface is 19.24%and the optimal total resistance reduction rate is 6.4%at a flow rate of 0.5 to 10 m/s.Application of the biomimetic control results in the increase of the thickness of the turbulent boundary layer of the wall surface,reduction of both the surface friction resistance and the turbulence kinetic energy of the flow field.The bionic deformation wall was applied to the surface of the non-attached SUBOFF submarine model to carry out drag reduction design.In the speed range of 3.045-8.231 m/s,the total drag reduction rate greater than 8.0%was obtained.