四川明初官式建筑的技术来源——以安岳道林寺大殿昂的形制为切入点

The Technical Sources of Sichuan's Official Architecture in the Early Ming Dynasty with the Shape of‘ang'of the Main Hall of Daolin Temple in Anyue as the Starting Point

四川明代木结构建筑有两个主要技术来源,即元代以来的地方传统和明初进入四川的官式做法。但在四川现存的明代官式建筑中,有一些显著特征既不同于北京的官式做法,也不见于当地的元代建筑。比如昂的形制,采用昂面起脊和五边形昂嘴,不同于华北地区的琴面昂和弧形昂嘴,这表明四川明代官式建筑继承的是明初南方的做法。这些建筑特征反映了明代四川与江南的政治、文化联系,特别是明初定都南京与营建蜀王府的影响。安岳道林寺大殿是这一时期的代表性案例,它不仅是四川现存最早的明代官式建筑,而且建于永乐迁都北京以前,很可能反映了明初南京官式建筑的特征。

There are two main technical sources for the Ming-Dynasty wood structures in Sichuan,namely the local traditional craftsmanship since the Yuan Dynasty and the officialstyled techniques introduced into Sichuan in the early Ming Dynasty.However,some of the survival Ming-Dynasty official buildings embody the impressive features different from the official-styled architectures in Beijing and local Yuan-Dynasty buildings.Take the shape of'ang'for example,it uses the'ang-face ridge'and'pentagonal ang-mouth'instead of the'qinfaced ang'and'arc ang-mouth'in Northern China,which indicates that the Ming Dynasty official buildings in Sichuan inherited the craftsmanship of the south in the early Ming Dynasty.These architectural features mean the political and cultural connections between Sichuan and Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty,especially the influence from Nanjing,the capital of the early Ming Dynasty and the construction of the Palace of the State of Shu.The main hall of Daolin Temple in Anyue as a representative of the earliest Ming Dynasty official building sites in Sichuan,constructed before Emperor Yongle moved the capital to Beijing,shows the characteristics of Nanjing official buildings of the early Ming Dynasty.