阳明的闻见知识论探析

An Analysis of Yangming’s Epistemology of Perception

张载首次提出把闻见与德性区分开来,这是其从体用两个方面来阐释本体之必然结果,王阳明以四句原则确立了闻见与良知本末源流的关系并进而深化了良知在其心学思想中的根本地位。由于习染霸术的利欲追求,闻见对于社会造成了危害,但就其本身的价值而言,人与社会都不可能完全摒除闻见,在德性修养实践中闻见也是必不可少的。与朱子等格物穷理的致知进路不同,王阳明的闻见之知实是在为其良知作辩护:闻见之存在并不是根本的问题所在,本心的状态是关键。

Zhang Zai first put forward the distinction between perception and virtue,which is the inevitable result of his interpretation of noumenon from two aspects of body use.Wang Yangming estab-lished the relationship between perception and the origin and origin of conscience with the four-sentence principle and further deepened the fundamental position of conscience in his mind thought.Because of the pursuit of profit,sniffing has caused harm to the society,but in terms of its own value,people and society can not completely abandon sniffing,and sniffing is also essential in the practice of virtue cultivation.Unlike Zhu Zi’s approach to knowledge,Wang Yangming’s ap-proach to knowledge is to defend his conscience:the existence of perception is not the fundamental problem,but the state of the mind is the key.