家庭政策的嬗变:从“去家庭化”到“家庭化”

Transformation of Family Policy:From“De-Familialization”to“Familialization”

20世纪中叶,西方国家通过扩展公共服务体系减轻家庭负担,但随着人口老龄化和经济变化,家庭在社会保障中的作用再次受到重视。进入21世纪,各国开始实施“家庭化”政策,强调家庭在照顾和支持中的核心地位。中国的家庭政策也经历了类似的转变。建国初期,“去家庭化”政策减轻了家庭负担,但改革开放后,市场经济的发展使照护责任回归家庭。近年来,中国通过完善社会保险制度、推进养老责任社会化和提供家庭支持等措施,逐步实现了“去家庭化”和“家庭化”政策的融合,体现了国家、社会和家庭之间向多元化与协调一致方向发展的趋势。

In the mid-20th century,Western countries reduced the burden on families by expanding their public service systems.However,with the aging population and economic changes,the role of families in social security has once again received attention.In the 21st century,countries have begun to implement“familialization”policies,emphasizing the core position of the family in care and support.China’s family policy has also undergone a similar transformation.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the“de-familialization”policy reduced the bur-den on families,but after the reform and opening up,the development of the market economy brought the responsibility of care back to families.In recent years,China has gradually achieved the integration of“de-familialization”and“familialization”policies through measures such as im-proving the social insurance system,promoting the socialization of elderly care responsibilities,and providing family support,reflecting the trend of diversification and coordination among the state,society,and families.