载人离心机训练用高精度耳脉搏波生理信号检测装置的设计与实现

Design and implementation of high precision ear pulse wave physiological signal detection device for human centrifuge training

目的:设计一种载人离心机训练用高精度耳脉搏波生理信号检测装置,以解决载人离心机训练时飞行员耳脉搏波信号无法准确计量、校准的问题。方法:高精度耳脉搏波生理信号检测装置由耳脉搏波采集传感器、信号采集控制单元和上位机信号处理模块组成。其中,耳脉搏波采集传感器外形为耳夹样式,主要由外壳、内壳和弹性钢片组成;信号采集控制单元硬件由电源模块、光源恒压模块、信号采集模块、主控模块和数据传输模块组成,软件部分在嵌入式系统上开发实现;上位机信号处理模块将信号处理划分为信号预处理和脉搏波信号监测显示2个阶段。采用生理电信号检定仪对该装置检测的耳脉搏波信号进行测试,以验证该装置的检测性能;采用该装置在不同载荷下进行载人离心机训练试验,以验证该装置的有效性和稳定性。结果:该装置检测的电压测量误差、幅频特性和共模抑制比均在JJG 760—2003《心电监护仪检定规程》和JJG 954—2019《数字脑电图仪检定规程》允许的范围内;该装置能够实时检测载人离心机训练时飞行员的耳脉搏波信号,且受运动干扰较小,信号质量稳定。结论:采用该装置可以准确得到载人离心机训练时飞行员的耳脉搏波波幅的变化,能够有效反映飞行员在正加速度作用下的脑血流量变化。

Objective To design and implement a high-precision ear pulse wave physiological signal detection device for human centrifuge training to solve the problems in measurement and calibration of pilot ear pulse wave signal during human centrifuge training.Methods The high-precision ear pulse wave physiological signal detection device was composed of an ear pulse wave acquisition sensor,a signal acquisition and control unit and a host signal processing module.The ear pulse wave acquisition sensor had an ear-clip-like shape and consisted of an outer shell,an inner shell and an elastic steel plate;the signal acquisition and control unit was made up of an power supply module,a constant voltage module for the light source,a signal acquisition module,a master control module and a data transmission module,which had its software developed with an embedded system;the host signal processing module divided the signal processing into 2 phases of signal pre-processing and pulse wave signal monitoring and display.The detection performance of the device was verified by using a physiological electrical signal calibrator to test the ear pulse wave signals detected with the device;the effectiveness and stability of the device were validated by implementing human centrifuge training experiments with different loads.Results The voltage measurement error,amplitude-frequency characteristics and common mode rejection ratio detected by this device were all within the permitted ranges of JJG 760—2003 Verification Regulation for Electro Cardiac Monitor and JJG 954—2019 Verification Regulation of Digital Electroencephalographs;the device was capable of detecting the ear pulse wave signals of pilot during human centrifuge training in real time with little interference from motion and stable signal quality.Conclusion The device can accurately clarify the changes in the amplitude of the pilot's ear pulse wave during human centrifuge training and effectively reflect the changes in the pilot's cerebral blood flow under positive acceleration.