“国优计划”教师教育政策的执行风险及其因应——基于政策执行过程模型的解释

The Implementation Risk of Teacher Education Policy of“National Excellence Teacher Program”and Its Countermeasures——Explanation Based on Policy Implementation Process Model

“国优计划”是教育系统对党的二十大报告将教育、科技、人才统筹安排的政策创举,内隐着对教育强国建设的政策支持逻辑,然而潜在的执行风险不利于政策目标任务落实。基于史密斯政策执行过程模型,通过理想化政策、执行组织、目标群体、政策环境四种政策执行过程影响因素分析研判教师教育政策执行风险。建议在政策措施精细化维度,完善培养体制机制以保障政策执行效力;在执行组织协同化维度,建立大中小贯通式联培共同体协同培养优秀教师;在目标群体专业化维度,塑造研究生科学教师身份来彰显政策精神意涵;在政策环境制度化维度,建制经济社会友好环境以保障政策落实。据此规避政策执行风险,助推“国优计划”高质量培养研究生层次科学教师。

The“National Excellence Teacher Program”is the education system's response to the 20th Party Congress report's policy initiative of integrating education,science and technology,and human resources,with the implicit logic of policy support for the construction of a strong education nation,but the risks of implementation have hampered the realization of the policy goals and tasks.Based on Smith's policy implementation process model,the risk of teacher education policy implementation is examined through the analysis of four policy implementation process influencing factors:idealized policy,implementation organization,target group,and policy environment.It is suggested that,in the dimension of refinement of policy measures,the institutional mechanism of cultivation should be improved to guarantee the effectiveness of policy implementation;in the dimension of synergy of implementing organizations,a community of joint cultivation between large,medium and small schools should be set up to cultivate excellent teachers;in the dimension of specialization of target groups,the identity of graduate science teachers should be shaped to show the spiritual connotation of the policy;in the dimension of institutionalization of the policy environment,the establishment of a friendly economic and social environment should be made to ensure the implementation of the policy.In this way,the policy implementation risks are avoided,and the“National Excellence Teacher Program”is promoted to cultivate high-quality science teachers at the graduate level.