马建忠翻译教育构想的国家意识解析

Interpretation on the State Consciousness of Ma Jianzhong's Conception of Translation Education

马建忠的《拟设翻译书院议》在晚清翻译思潮中占有举足轻重的地位,有别于当时“采西学”“译西书”的观点,首次明确提出设立翻译书院以专门造就译才,形成了系统化的翻译专业人才培养体系,成为我国翻译职业化教育思想的雏形。通过阐释晚清民族救亡语境催生出的现代性国家意识,解析在此背景下马建忠基于国家意识的翻译教育构想,从培养缘起、培养导向、培养机制三个方面阐释国家意识的具体体现,并从历史参照视角论述了该构想对当下我国翻译教育中培养国家意识的三点启示:“为国译”的翻译人才培养指向、“伦理导向”的译者评价标准、“国家主导”的翻译教育机构建设。

Ma Jianzhong's Proposal on Establishing a Translation Academy has its unique status among a myriad of translation thoughts in the Late Qing period.It differs from other proposals of“learning from the West”or“translating western books”but proposes setting up a specialized translation academy to train professional translators,which formulates a systematic training system and shapes a prototype of translation education thought.This paper starts with illustrating the emergence of modern state consciousness in the critical social context,expounds Ma's state consciousness and its manifestation in his Proposal from three dimensions of origin,orientation and mechanism.It is concluded that the state consciousness in Ma's Proposal may shed light on contemporary translation education as historical references from three perspectives,namely,the country-dedicated education direction,the ethics-evaluation standards and the state-dominated education institution.