靖海湾松江鲈鱼保护区生境质量综合分析与评价

Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of habitat quality of Songjiang perch resource reserve in Jinghai Bay

靖海湾松江鲈鱼保护区具有较高的经济价值和生态价值,掌握其生态环境质量状况具有重要意义。本研究依据2017、2019和2020年表层海水中营养盐和重金属等环境因子的相关监测数据,运用综合质量指数法对该海域的生态环境质量进行综合评价,依据主成分分析法分析影响调查海域水质的主要影响因子,并对有机污染和富营养化情况进行评价。结果表明,2017和2019年表层海水水质处于轻污染,2020年水质状况为允许,其值范围为0.80~1.73;主成分分析结果显示,COD、DIN、Cu、Cd和Zn具有较高载荷(>0.9),为影响靖海湾保护区水质的主要环境因子;该保护区有机污染指数范围为4.68~12.59,均为严重污染;在富营养化水平上,2017年靖海湾水域营养水平属于富营养状态,2019和2020年该海域处于氮限制潜在性富营养状态。因此未来应积极改善靖海湾保护区有机污染以及富营养化情况,同时关注对重金属的监测,积极采取防控措施。

Jinghai Bay Songjiang Perch Conservation Area have high economic and ecological values.Grasping the quality of its ecological environment is of a great significance.Based on the monitoring data of nutrients,heavy metals and other environmental factors in 2017,2019 and 2020,and by using the comprehensive quality index method,we comprehensively evaluated the ecological environment quality of the sea area.The main factors affecting the water quality of the investigated sea area were analyzed through principal component analysis.The eutrophication and pollution of heavy metal were also evaluated.The results showed that the surface seawater quality is at a state of light pollution in 2017 and 2019;the surface seawater quality is permitting in 2020 with the value ranges from 0.80 to 1.73.The results of principal component analysis showed that COD,DIN,Cu,Cd and Zn(>0.9)are the main environmental factors affecting the water quality of Jinghai Bay nature reserve.The organic pollution index varied between 4.68 and 12.59,indicating that the bay is severely polluted.The eutrophication level of Jinghai Bay in 2017 was at an eutrophication state.The bay was at the potential eutrophication state with nitrogen limitation in 2019 and 2020.We should actively reduce the organic pollution and eutrophication of Jinghai Bay Reserve in future,pay attention to the heavy metals,and actively take the prevention measures.