养护大西洋金枪鱼国际委员会大眼金枪鱼捕捞配额制度研究

A research on the bigeye tuna catch quotas system of the international commission for the conservation of Atlantic tunas

养护大西洋金枪鱼国际委员会根据1991—1992年历史平均渔获量等基本原则,确定大眼金枪鱼年总可捕捞量,实施捕捞配额制度。通过梳理配额分配的标准、与大眼金枪鱼配额制度相关的历年建议、决议、其他决定等,结合我国大眼金枪鱼实际渔获量、配额制度、履约情况展开分析,挖掘出捕捞配额制度发展的4个核心内容:1991—1992渔船平均渔获量、未完全开发配额的委员会授权后可自行转让不超过本国总配额的15%部分、连续两个管理期内发生过度捕捞行为将面临惩处措施、捕捞年度配额调整到未来年份;并对维护我国大西洋大眼金枪鱼渔业利益提出4点建议:完善大眼金枪鱼配额分配制度、积极参与配额制定的磋商、增强我国行政管理部门科研部门参与国际渔业磋商和谈判能力、加强我国大西洋金枪鱼渔业的履约能力。

The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna(ICCAT)determines the annual total allowable catch of bigeye tuna(BET)and implements the fishing quota system according to the basic principles of the two-year historical average catch from 1991 to 1992.By sorting out the standards of quota allocation,suggestions and reports relating to the quota system over the years,and combining the nominal catch of BET of China and the implementation of the quota system,we have dug out four core standards for the development of ICCAT catch quota system,the average historical catch of the 1991-1992,the undeveloped quota not exceeding 15%of the total of the country can be transferred under ICCAT authorization,the overfishing will be penalized for two consecutive management periods,and the quota for the fishing year will be adjusted to the next year.Four suggestions have been put forward to safeguard the interests of China's Atlantic BET fishery,which included improving the quota allocation system of BET;actively participating in the consultation of quota formulation,strengthening the ability of Chinese administrative departments,scientific research departments to participate in international fishery consultation and negotiation,and strengthening the capacity of fulfilling the Atlantic tuna fishery.