机会转化视角下的联盟创业动态演化——基于T3出行的纵向案例研究

The Process of Alliance Entrepreneurship:A Case Study from the Opportunity Transformation Perspective

随着数字技术和共享经济的发展,企业边界越来越模糊,联盟创业已成为当下促进经济发展的关键动力,然而相关研究却处于起步阶段,学界对联盟创业的理解仍然不够深入。因此,剖析联盟创业内涵、运行过程及结果既是公司创业领域的前沿课题,也是管理实践的热点话题。采用案例研究方法,以“T3出行”为案例分析对象,从机会转化视角探究联盟创业的动态演化内在机理,系统阐释机会转化推动联盟创业活动的内在逻辑。结果发现:(1)联盟创业是企业及其联盟伙伴对创业机会及时反应和迅速开发,适时修正联盟关系的发展轨迹,通过创造型机会与发现型机会的转化推动联盟不断迭代发展,保证联盟成员与联盟整体目标共同实现的行为;(2)数字化背景下联盟创业是一个非线性持续成长的过程,其发展呈现动态演进特点;(3)核心主体与其他联盟主体通过互动赋能为联盟创业的演化提供核心动力,实现共生共赢,维系联盟系统的持续运转。

With the development of digital technology and sharing economy,enterprise organizations are gradually developing towards virtualization,borderlessness and networking.In this context,alliance entrepreneurship,as a new type of organizational model with multi-principal cooperation as the platform,development of entrepreneurial opportunities as the goal,and resource sharing as the driving force,has become a key driving force for economic development.Nowadays,the rapid development of digitalization provides a large number of opportunities for alliance enterprises,and how to effectively develop these opportunities to successfully carry out entrepreneurial activities has become the main goal of alliance enterprises to improve economic efficiency.On the one hand,the digitization context gives alliance entrepreneurship dynamic and continuous characteristics,so that it forms a repeatable and continuously adapted cyclic evolution mechanism,which is precisely the key to the competitive advantage of alliance enterprises.On the other hand,the dynamic evolution of alliance entrepreneurship is often accompanied by the mutual transformation between created and discovered opportunities,which accelerates the development process of entrepreneurial opportunities.Therefore,it is necessary to deeply analyze the connotation,evolution process and results of alliance entrepreneurship in the digital context from the perspective of opportunity transformation.The article adopts a single-case longitudinal research method,taking"T3 Mobility"as the case study object,and deconstructs the dynamic evolution mechanism of alliance entrepreneurship in the context of digitization based on the research framework of"opportunity-behavior-framework".The study finds that:(1)the connotation of alliance entrepreneurship in the digital context refers to the behavior of enterprises and their alliance partners to respond to and develop entrepreneurial opportunities in a timely manner,revise the development trajectory of the alliance relationship at the right time,and promote the iterative development of the alliance through the transformation of creative opportunities and discovery opportunities to ensure that the members of the alliance and the alliance as a whole can achieve the common goal.(2)Alliance entrepreneurship in the context of digitalization is a non-linear continuous growth process,and its development presents dynamic evolution characteristics.With the core subject to create opportunities,other alliance subject to find opportunities,and then in the process of alliance entrepreneurship and create new entrepreneurial opportunities,each round of alliance entrepreneurship cycle will promote the realization of the alliance goals,and at the same time give birth to the alliance to produce new entrepreneurial goals,and thus ensure that entrepreneurial activities are always full of vitality,and continue to develop.(3)The alliance entrepreneurship in the context of digitalization leads to changes in organizational structure,elements and operation,and promotes organizational innovation.At the same time,organizational innovation provides a large number of new technologies,new resources and new opportunities for each subject through"feedback".As a result,the core subject and other alliance subjects provide the core power for the evolution of alliance entrepreneurship through interaction and empowerment to realize symbiosis and win-win situation and maintain the sustainable operation of the alliance system.The findings of the study clarify the conceptual connotation of alliance entrepreneurship in the context of digitalization,enrich the theory of the opportunity transformation model in the field of entrepreneurship,and expand the study of entrepreneurship through the interaction and empowerment of multiple subjects.In addition,the research findings provide a reference value for enterprises to develop entrepreneurial practices through alliances.Specifically,in the process of developing opportunities through alliance entrepreneurship,enterprises should maintain sensitivity to discovery-based opportunities in the environment,actively establish bonding connections with other subjects to develop opportunities,and pay attention to the iteration of opportunities and make full use of them in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantages.