石灰与谷壳炭配施对酸性红壤肥力特征和花生产量的影响

Effects of Lime and Husk Biochar on Fertility Characteristics and Peanut Yield in Acid Red Soil

【目的】探明石灰与谷壳炭配施对红壤酸化特性和花生产量的影响,为实现红壤pH和花生产量同步提升提供理论依据。【方法】通过大田花生试验,以常规化肥处理为对照(CK),再设置4个处理:L1C1(石灰,750 kg hm^(-2);谷壳炭,2250 kg hm^(-2))、L1C2(石灰,750 kg hm^(-2);谷壳炭,4500 kg hm^(-2))、L2C1(石灰,1500 kg hm^(-2);谷壳炭,2250 kg hm^(-2))、L2C2(石灰,1500 kg hm^(-2);谷壳炭,4500 kg hm^(-2))。测定播种后15 d和花生收获后的土壤pH、有机质和速效氮磷钾养分含量,比较分析不同处理的产量特征,并探讨石灰与谷壳炭配施下酸性红壤肥力和花生产量的相关关系。【结果】播种后15 d,与CK相比,L1C1、L1C2、L2C1和L2C2处理土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了0.15~0.32个单位、11.92%~22.95%、42.07%~61.74%、17.05%~43.99%和13.72%~31.68%。花生收获后,L1C1、L1C2、L2C1和L2C2处理的土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量也大体呈现出显著高于CK的趋势。同时,等量谷壳炭条件下,L2C1、L2C2处理较L1C1和L1C2处理显著提高了播种后15 d土壤pH和花生收获后的土壤碱解氮含量。与CK相比,L1C1、L1C2、L2C1和L2C2处理花生产量分别提高了8.30%、9.76%、11.12%和13.31%。播种后15 d和花生收获后土壤pH、碱解氮与花生产量均呈显著正相关关系。线性回归分析结果表明,当播种后15天土壤pH提升0.1个单位,花生产量可增加80.25 kg hm^(-2),明显高于花生收获的增量(64.12 kg hm^(-2))。而当播种后15天和花生收获后的土壤碱解氮提升1.00 mg kg^(-1),花生产量可达到的增量差异较小(分别为11.07和9.72 kg hm^(-2))。【结论】与常规化肥处理相比,常规施用化肥配施石灰、谷壳炭可以显著提升酸化红壤pH,增加土壤有效态氮磷钾养分含量和提升花生产量。为此,建议在红壤旱地上重点调控土壤pH和碱解氮含量,以期实现花生高产。

[Objective]Investigating the effects of lime and husk biochar combined application on the fertility of acidic red soil and peanut yield provided a theoretical basis for the dual improvement of red soil pH and peanut yield.[Method]Through the field peanut experiment,using conventional fertilizer treatment as the control(CK),four combined application treatments were set:L1C1(lime,750 kg hm^(-2);husk biochar,2250 kg hm^(-2)),L1C2(lime,750 kg hm^(-2);husk biochar,4500 kg hm^(-2)),L2C1(lime,1500 kg hm^(-2);husk biochar,2250 kg hm^(-2)),and L2C2(lime,1500 kg hm^(-2);husk biochar,4500 kg hm^(-2)).Soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient contents were determined on the 15th day after sowing and after peanut harvesting,as well as peanut yield.Then,the relationship between the fertility of acidic red soil and peanut yield were explored under lime and husk biochar combined application.[Result]Compared with CK,the soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents on the 15th day after sowing in L1C1,L1C2,L2C1 and L2C2 treatments were increased by 0.15-0.32 units,11.92%-22.95%,42.07%-61.74%,17.05%-43.99%,and 13.72%-31.68%,respectively,After peanut harvesting,the contents of soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents in L1C1,L1C2,L2C1 and L2C2 treatments also showed higher trends than those in CK.For the lime and husk biochar combined application treatments,and peanut yields were increased by 8.30%-13.31%.The comparison of different combined application treatments showed that the L2C1 and L2C2 treatments significantly increased the soil pH and available nitrogen content after peanut harvesting compared to the L1C1 and L1C2 treatments under the same amount of husk biochar application.There was a significant positive correlation between soil pH and available nitrogen with peanut yield on the 15th day after sowing and after harvesting.When soil pH increased 0.1 unit on the 15th day after sowing,peanut yield increased 80.25 kg hm^(-2),which was significantly higher than that of peanut harvesting(64.12 kg hm^(-2)).However,when the soil available nitrogen increased by 1.00 mg kg^(-1) on the 15th day after sowing and after peanut harvesting,the increasing rates of peanut yield were similar(11.07 and 9.72 kg hm^(-2)).[Conclusion]Therefore,Compared with conventional fertilizer treatment,lime and husk biochar combined application can significantly increase the pH of acidified red soil,the contents of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and improve peanut yield.Moreover,it is suggested that soil pH and available nitrogen should be regulated in acid red soil for attaining high yield of peanut.