以土壤普查成果助推黑土地科学保护与利用

Promoting the Scientific Protection and Utilization of Black Soil through the Third National Soil Survey Results

第三次全国土壤普查是一次重要的国情国力调查,力求全面、真实、准确掌握全国耕地土壤质量、性状和利用状况等基础数据。当前,东北黑土地面临较严峻的“变薄、变瘦、变硬”等退化问题,采取有效措施将土壤普查获得的大量土壤性状、立地条件和土壤利用情况等数据与黑土地的科学保护耦合嵌套,从而明确各区域耕地质量,探索合理改良培肥措施,这对于延伸土壤普查成果的生命力,推动该地区农业可持续发展和维持粮食产能“压舱石”作用具有深远意义。基于以上考虑,本文论述了第三次全国土壤普查成果在明确黑土地“变薄、变瘦、变硬”区域、揭示土壤养分时空演变特征、提升黑土地粮食产能和精确评价黑土地耕地质量中的作用,探讨了土壤普查成果助推黑土地保护的可能实现途径,以期实现土壤普查成果的落地与延伸,全面掌握东北黑土地耕地资源现状,切实保护好东北黑土地,守护好大国粮仓。

The 3rd National Soil Survey is an important survey of national conditions and strength,in order to accurately grasp the basic data,such as soil quality,properties and utilization status.Currently,the black soils in Northeast China are facing serious degradation problems,such as"thinning,hardening,and thinning".Effective measures should be taken to couple a large amount of soil properties,site conditions,soil utilization and other data obtained from soil surveys with the scientific protection and utilization of black soil,so as to clarify the quality of cultivated land in each region and to explore reasonable improvement and fertilization measures.It is of great significance to extending the vitality of soil survey results,promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in the region,and maintaining the"ballast stone"of grain production capacity.Based on the above considerations,this article took the current status of cultivated land quality in Northeastern black soil as an entry point and discussed the role of the 3rd National Soil Survey in identifying the"thinning,thinning,and hardening"areas of black soil,revealing the evolution characteristics of soil organic matter and physical and chemical properties,and improving the grain production capacity of black soil,and possible ways to accurately evaluate the quality of black soil cultivated land.This article aimed to realize the implementation and extension of the soil survey results,comprehensively,truly and accurately grasp the current status of the black soil cultivated land resources in Northeast China,effectively protect the black soil and the granary of the great country.