高质量发展阶段中国城镇居民劳动收入分配格局的变迁(2012-2021)

Changes of Labor Income Distribution Pattern of Chinesee Urban Residents during the High-Quality Development Stage(2012-2021)

进入高质量发展阶段,中国开启了“第二次大转型”,即经济增长动能转型,从要素驱动为主转向创新驱动为主。这次转型同样对收入分配机制与格局产生深刻影响。随着市场体制的完善,以及互联网等信息技术的发展,市场交易成本大大降低,显著加快了各种生产要素的市场流动。这既有利于生产要素的重新组合与创新,也推动了市场形态的转变:过去高度组织化的市场形态转向个体化的市场形态,工作组织与就业者原本的紧密联系出现弱化,更多的社会资源通过多样化的市场参与者直接分配而不再通过高度组织化的体系间接分配。使用CGSS2012-2021年的调查数据对城镇居民劳动收入进行分析,研究证实,一方面,工作组织在收入分配中的作用开始下降;另一方面,资源分配权力将越来越多地在劳动者之间直接进行纵向转移,那些在创新过程中发挥重要作用的个人与群体的收入回报将提高。

As China enters the stage of high-quality development,the country has embarked on a"second major transformation,"shifting the driving force of economic growth from factor-driven to innovation-driven.This transformation has profoundly impacted the mechanisms and patterns of income distribution.With the improvement of the market system and the development of information technologies,market transaction costs have significantly decreased,greatly accelerating the market mobility of various factors of production.This not only facilitates the recombination and innovation of production factors but also promotes a shift in market forms:from highly organized market forms to individualized market forms.The previously close ties between work organizations and employees have weakened,and more social resources are now directly allocated through a variety of market participants rather than indirectly allocated through highly organized systems.Using CGSS survey data from 2012 to 2021,the analysis of urban residents'income reveals that,on the one hand,the role of work organizations in income distribution is beginning to decline;on the other hand,the power of resource allocation is increasingly shifting vertically among workers.Individuals and groups that play a significant role in the innovation process are expected to see increased income returns.