安徽省合肥市育龄女性三孩生育意愿及期望生育支持政策分析

Research on the intention to have three children and desired fertility support policies amongg women of childbearing age in Hefei City,Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省合肥市育龄女性三孩生育意愿现状,探讨制约其再生育意愿的因素及期望的生育支持政策,为相关部门制定生育三孩的配套支持政策提供参考依据。方法采用量性与质性相结合的解释性序列设计混合方法,首先以方便抽样法于2021年6月—2021年8月选取安徽省合肥市社区已育女性进行三孩生育意愿调查,再以目的抽样法从中选择无再生育意愿的育龄女性进行深度访谈,以了解制约育龄女性再生育意愿的因素及其期望的生育支持政策。结果256名育龄女性中,7名(2.7%)明确表态愿意生育三孩,20名(7.8%)不确定是否生育三孩,229名(89.5%)无三孩生育意愿。半结构式访谈结果显示,制约育龄女性再生育意愿的主要因素包括经济压力大、无人照看孩子、工作太忙精力不足及心理压力大等;育龄女性期待的政策支持包括改革教育制度、优化统筹托育服务、改革住房制度及适度延长产假等。结论育龄女性三孩生育意愿较低,且受到社会、经济及文化等客观因素的影响,政府除放宽生育政策外,需要在教育、休假、托育、住房及医疗等方面建立全方位的生育支持政策体系帮助全面三孩政策落地。

Objective To understand the status quo of women's willingness to have three childrenin Hefei City,Anhui Province,to explore the factors that limit their willingness to have more children and desired fertility support policies,so as to provide a reference for the relevant departments to formulate supporting policies for the three-child policy.Methods Using a mixed method to interpretive sequence design that combines quantitative and qualitative.First,convenience sampling method was used to select women of childbearing agein Hefei City,Anhui Province,from June 2021 to August 2021 to investigate their willingness to have a third child.Then,targeted sampling method was used to select women of childbearing age who had no desire to have another child to conduct in-depth interviews,so as to understand the factors restricting women of childbearing age's willingness to have more children and their expected fertility support policies.ResultsAmong 256 women of childbearing age,7(2.7%)were willing to have three children,20(7.8%)were not sure whether to have three children,and 229(89.5%)were not willing to have three children.The results of the semi-structured interview show that the main factors limiting the willingness of women of childbearing age to have more children are financial pressure,children left unattended,too busy to work and not enough energy,and high psychological pressure,etc.The policy support expected by women of childbearing age includes reforming the education system,optimizing the coordination of childcare services,reforming the housing system,and moderately extending maternity leave,etc.ConclusionWomen of childbearing age have a low desire to have a third child and are affected by objective factors such as society,economy and culture.In addition to relaxing the fertility policy,the government urgently needs to establish a comprehensive fertility support policy system in the areas of education,leave,childcare,housing,medical care and other aspects to help the comprehensive three-child policy get off the ground.