老年肺康复住院患者营养状况调查及其影响因素分析

A survey on the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation and analysis of its influencing factors

目的调查老年肺康复住院患者的营养状况,探讨营养不良风险的可能影响因素,为更好地开展肺康复患者的临床营养工作提供参考。方法研究对象选取2023年度于上海市第二康复医院住院治疗的老年肺康复患者257例,采集研究对象的基本信息和辅助检查结果,对其开展营养状况调查和微型营养量表评定,采用单因素和多因素回归进行分析。结果257例研究对象中,评定为营养状况正常者135例,评定为存在营养不良的风险者116例,评定为存在营养不良者6例。单因素分析结果显示性别、年龄、现存子女数量、文化程度、牙齿情况、冠心病、气管切开状态、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞百分比、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、氯离子等因素存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示文化程度、牙齿情况、气管切开状态、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸等因素存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年肺康复住院患者营养不良和营养不良风险的发生率较高,应重视其营养评估并采取针对性干预措施。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of hospitalized elderly patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation,explore possible influencing factors of malnutrition risk,and provide reference for better clinical nutrition work for pulmonary rehabilitation patients.Methods A total of 257 elderly pulmonary rehabilitation patients admitted to Shanghai Second Rehabilitation Hospital for treatment in 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Basic information and auxiliary examination results of the research subjects were collected,and their nutritional status was investigated and evaluated using a mini nutrition scale,Statistical analysis was conducted using univariate and multivariate regression methods.Results Among all 257 research subjects,135 were rated as having normal nutritional status,116 were rated as at risk of malnutrition,and 6 were rated as having malnutrition.The results of univariate analysis showed that factors such as gender,age,number of existing children,education level,dental condition,coronary heart disease,tracheostomy status,hemoglobin,lymphocyte percentage,total protein,albumin,prealbumin,blood creatinine,urea nitrogen,uric acid,chloride ions,etc.were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that factors such as education level,dental condition,tracheostomy status,total protein,albumin,prealbumin,blood creatinine,urea nitrogen,uric acid,etc.were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized elderly patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation is relatively high,and their nutritional assessment should be taken seriously and intervention measures should be taken accordingly.