手术机器人医疗事故的刑事归责困境及纾解

Dilemmas and solutions of criminal accountability for medical accidents of surgical robots

手术机器人在参与医疗行为的过程中,可能会因其故障造成患者重伤或死亡等医疗事故,进而面临刑事归责问题。在手术机器人引发的医疗事故中,刑事责任承担主体存在争议。同时,因手术机器人中算法黑箱的不透明性,也导致医疗事故的因果关系模糊不清和新旧过失论判断标准的失灵。为应对以上归责困境,应当依据手术机器人的自动化程度来确定刑事主体,将意志归责模式转变为规范归责模式,并合理设定研发者与医务人员的注意义务。

In the process of participating in medical activities,surgical robots may face criminal accountability due to their malfunction causing serious injuries or deaths to patients.In medical accidents caused by surgical robots,the subject of criminal liability is controversial.At the same time,due to the opacity of the algorithm black box in the surgical robots,the causality of medical accidents is blurred and the new and old fault judgment criteria fail.In order to solve the above accountability dilemma,the criminal subject should be determined according to the degree of automation of surgical robots,the voluntary accountability should be transformed into a standardized accountability model,and the duty of care for researchers and medical personnel should be reasonably set.