公共服务均等化视角下中国博物馆空间分布格局及其影响因素

Spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of Chinese museums fromthe perspective of equalization of public services

以国家文物局公布的6183座博物馆为研究对象,运用平均最近邻指数、核密度估计等方法对中国博物馆的空间分布格局进行分析,进一步借助地理探测器模型探究其影响因素。结果表明:中国博物馆总体空间分布数量呈现东南密集、西北稀疏的非均衡性格局;空间分布类型为显著集聚,高等级博物馆集聚程度更高;博物馆总体空间分布密度呈“多中心,带状扩散”格局,形成了京津冀、长三角、珠三角等密度高值核心区,沿十大城市群分布的密度中值与中高值区,不同等级博物馆空间分布密度差异明显;经济、社会、文化和政策等方面的影响因子均与博物馆的空间分布有较强的统计关联性,其中,区域经济发展水平和人口密度是影响其空间分布的核心因子,各因子对不同等级博物馆的空间分布影响程度差异较大。

Taking 6183 museums published by the National Cultural Heritage Administration as research objects,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of Chinese museums by using the average nearest neighbor index and nuclear density estimation,and further explores the influencing factors by means of geographical detector model.The results show that overall spatial distribution of Chinese museums exhibits an unbalanced pattern of dense distribution in the southeast and sparse distribution in the northwest;The spatial distribution type is significant agglomeration,with higher levels of museums having a higher degree of agglomeration;The overall spatial distribution density of museums shows a pattern of"multi-center,band-like scattering",forming high-density core areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,and Pearl River Delta.The median and medium-high density areas distributed along the ten major urban agglomerations show significant differences in spatial distribution density among museums of different levels;The influencing factors of economy,society,culture,and policies have strong statistical correlations with the spatial distribution of museums.Among them,the level of regional economic development and population density are the core factors affecting their spatial distribution,and the degree of influence of each factor on the spatial distribution of museums at different levels varies greatly.