活性染料在二元介质中上染棉纤维的技术进展

Research Progress in Reactive Dyeing of Cellulosic Fibers in the Polar/Non-polar Binary Solvent Systems

阐述纤维素极性-非极性二元介质活性染料染色技术的加工原理及产业化现状。介绍染料、碱、染色介质间的作用机理,概述染色溶剂的理化性质及毒理学信息、去除或回收原理、生物降解性能。与传统染色相比,二元介质染色技术可提高染料在染液中化学势,提高利用率,实现无盐、低碱、少水染色,但增加溶剂去除和回收工艺,提高加工成本。二元介质染色技术有利于从源头制止和减少污染物的产生,随着高固色率活性染料、配套染色助剂、数字化加工技术等深入研究,将进一步促进该技术的产业化推广。

The processing principle and industrialization status of polar/non-polar binary medium dyeing technology of cellulosic fibers were summarized.The mechanism of interaction among reactive dyes,fixation bases and dyeing media was analyzed.The physic-chemical properties and toxicological information of dyeing solvents,the principle of solvent removal or recovery,and the biodegradability of dyeing solvents were summarized.Compared with the traditional dyeing technology,the chemical potential of the dyes in the dyeing solution from the binary medium dyeing technology was greatly improved,and the utilization rate of the reactive dyes increased.At the same time,saltfree,low-alkali and less-water dyeing was realized.However,the process of solvent removal and recovery was added,increasing the processing cost.However,the binary media dyeing technology could stop or reduce the generation of pollutants from the source.With the in-depth research of high fixation reactive dyes,matching dyeing auxiliaries and digital processing technology,the industrialization of binary media dyeing technology will be further promoted.