宁夏引黄灌区果园生草处理对土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of orchard grass cultivation treatment on physicochemical properties of soils in the Yellow River irrigation zone of Ningxia

本研究选用多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅、长柔毛野豌豆4种功能草种,以清耕和自然生草作为对照,探究不同生草处理对果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,与多年生黑麦草生草处理相比,紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理可以显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤总孔隙度和0~20 cm、21~40 cm土层田间持水量(P<0.05),显著降低0~20 cm土层土壤容重(P<0.05)。与处理前相比,2022年10月紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理的土壤有机质含量、全盐含量、碱解氮含量(0~20 cm土层)、有效钾含量(0~20 cm土层)显著提高(P<0.05),土壤pH(0~20 cm土层)显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在干旱和半干旱地区可以选择苜蓿和长柔毛野豌豆进行果园生草处理。本研究结果为改良果园土壤,提高水果产量提供了理论依据。

In this study,four functional grass species of Lolium perenne L.,Medicago sativa L.,Festuca elata and Vicia villosa Roth were selected to investigate different grass cultivation treatments on the physical and chemical properties of orchard soils,using clear tillage and naturally growing grass as controls.The results showed that compared with L.perenne L.cultivation treatment,M.sativa and V.villosa cultivation treatments could significantly increase soil total porosity of 0-20 cm soil layer and field capacity of 0-20 cm and 21-40 cm soil layers(P<0.05),and could significantly reduce soil volumetric weight of 0-20 cm soil layer(P<0.05).Compared with soils before treatment,soil organic matter content,total salt content,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content(0-20 cm soil layer)and available potassium content(0-20 cm soil layer)of M.sativa and V.villosa cultivation treatments detected in October of 2022 increased significantly(P<0.05),and soil pH value(0-20 cm soil layer)reduced significantly(P<0.05).Therefore,in arid and semi-arid areas,M.sativa and V.villosa can be selected for orchard grass cultivation treatment.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving orchard soil and increasing fruit yield.