社区听力障碍老年人社会隔离现状及其影响因素分析

Social isolation and its influencing factors of elderly with hearing impairment in community

目的:调查社区听力障碍老年人的社会隔离现状并对其影响因素进行分析,为社区护士制定有针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取2023年5月—8月在北京市某社区居住的300名听力障碍老年人作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、Lubben社会网络量表-6、医疗社会支持量表、社会影响量表、自主参与问卷、简版老年抑郁量表对老年人进行调查,采用Logistic回归进行社会隔离的影响因素分析。结果:听力障碍老年人社会网络量表得分为(14.45±5.67)分,社会隔离的发生率为35.67%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,社区听力障碍老年人的年龄、文化程度、居住情况、听力障碍程度、自评健康状况、慢性病种类、社会支持得分可影响其社会隔离水平(P<0.05)。结论:社区听力障碍老年人的社会隔离情况并不乐观,亟须更多的关注。社区护士应该重视听力障碍老年人,增加其社会支持,帮助其改善生理健康,制定护理计划,以改善社会网络,避免社会隔离。

Objective:To explore the social isolation of elderly with hearing impairment in community and analyze its influencing factors,and to provide reference for community nurses to develop targeted interventions.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 300 elderly with hearing impairment who lived in a community in Beijing from May to August 2023.The survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire,Lubben Social Network Scale-6,Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey,Social Impact Scale,Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire,and Geriatric Depression Scale-15.Logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors of social isolation.Results:The total score of social isolation among elderly with hearing impairment was 14.45±5.67,with a incidence of 35.67%.Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,education level,living conditions,hearing impairment,self-rated health,chronic disease status,and social supports were the influencing factors of social isolation(P<0.05).Conclusion:The social isolation situation of elderly with hearing impairment in community is not optimistic and needs more attention.Emphasis should be placed on increasing social support for the elderly,helping them improve their physical health,and developing targeted nursing plans to improve social networks and avoid social isolation.