我国新污染物治理科技需求分析

Analysis of science and technology need for emerging contaminants control in China

新污染物治理是一项长期性、复杂性、艰巨性任务,为支撑新污染物治理行动顺利开展,亟需实施重大科技专项计划.本文从新污染物筛查、监测、风险评估、替代和治理技术、风险管控等方面出发,介绍了美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区逐步构建以风险防范为核心的有毒有害化学物质管理机制的历程.同时,梳理了我国在新污染物治理的历程、成果以及差距.结合我国新污染物治理现状和存在的问题,在“筛查-评估-治理-管控-示范”五方面提出任务布局,以期逐步解决新污染物治理技术瓶颈,构建新污染物全过程协同治理和风险管理体系,完善新污染物治理管理标准体系,支撑新污染物治理水平稳步提升.

The management of emerging contaminants is a long-term,complex,and challenging task.To support the well implementation of emerging pollutant control actions,it is urgent to conduct major scientific and technological special projects.The establishment process of risk prevention based management framework for toxic and hazardous chemicals in developed countries and regions like the United States and the European Union was introduced,from the aspects of emerging contaminants screening,monitoring,risk assessment,alternative and treatment technology,and risk control.Meanwhile,the history,achievements,and gaps in the governance of emerging contaminants in China were reviewed.Based on the current situation and existing problems of emerging contaminants control in China,we proposed a five-step management framework of“screening-evaluation-treatmentcontrol-demonstration”to address the technical bottleneck of emerging contaminants management using a stepwise manner,constructed a whole process collaborative governance and risk management system for emerging contaminants,and completed the standard system for emerging contaminant control and management,so as to steadily improve the management level of emerging contaminants.