国内血小板基因库建设及应用的现状研究

Research on the Establishment and Application of the Genotype Database of Apheresis Platelet Donors in China

目的调研国内血小板基因库的建设规模和临床应用情况,了解我国各地区血小板基因库的现状。方法收集来自中国血小板基因数据库协作组的数据和采取自愿上报原则,对2022年度国内27家血站血小板基因库的数据和2021—2023年度14家血站的建库规模、血小板配型数据进行统计分析。结果截止2022年底,全国有27家血站建立血小板HLA基因型资料库,库容量为50~23940人不等,均值为3339±5915人,其中有9家>2000人;血小板HPA基因型资料库容量为50~7162人不等,均值为1636±1549人,其中有14家>1000人;全国有27家血站中,13家无CD36阴性献血者,14家有CD36阴性献血者数据,库容量为2~280个,均值为41±73人。2021—2023年全国血小板捐献者HLA和HPA基因型资料库的库容量呈逐年上升的趋势。14家血站2021—2023年的血小板血清学交叉配型数量在20~8000不等,但血小板基因配合性输注占比差异较大,0%~40%不等,均值<10%。结论国内血小板基因库的规模及应用占比差异大,迫切需要通过扩大血小板捐献者基因型资料库规模、提高血小板基因库的临床使用率,实现血小板的精准输注,进一步保障临床输血的科学性、有效性和安全性。

Objective To understand the current situation of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors in China by investigating the size of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors and the application of gene matching transfusion.Methods The data were collected from the platelet gene database collaboration group by the principle of voluntary reporting,and the data of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors of 27 blood stations in China in 2022,the data of database establishment and platelet cross-matching in 14 blood stations from 2021—2023 were analyzed.Results By the end of 2022,27 blood stations in China had established platelet HLA genotype databases,with the database capacity ranging from 50 to 23940,with an average of 3339±5915,of which 9 were more than 2000.The database capacity of platelet HPA genotypes ranged from 50 to 7162,with an average of 1636±1549,of which 14 were greater than 1000.Of the 27 blood stations in China,13 have no CD36 negative blood donors,and 14 have the data of CD36 negative blood donors,with a capacity of 2-280,with an average of 41±73.From 2021 to 2023,the database capacity of HLA and HPA genotypes of platelet donors in China is increasing year by year.The number of platelet cross-matching in 14 blood stations from 2021 to 2023 ranged from 20 to 8000,but the proportion of gene matching transfusion varied greatly,ranging from 0%to 40%,with an average of less than 10%.Conclusion There are great differences in the size and application of the genotype database of apheresis platelet donors in China.It is urgent to expand the size and improve the utilization rate of the database to realize accurate platelet transfusion and further ensure the scientific validity,effectiveness and safety of clinical blood transfusion.