基于UWB技术的矿井低功耗无线传感器网络研究

Research on low-power wireless sensor network in mine based on UWB technology

针对煤矿井下各类参数有线监测系统的布线复杂、维护困难、扩展性差等问题,基于UWB技术研究了矿井低功耗无线传感器网络,采用STM32L151微处理器和DW1000芯片设计了具有自动组网、数据多跳传输和测量距离等功能的传感器节点。详细介绍了矿井低功耗无线传感器网络的组网机制、传感器数据多跳传输技术和低功耗休眠算法等关键技术。试验结果表明,传感器节点入网时间与网络深度成正比,网络深度每增加1级,入网时间就增加1个数据传输周期;传感器数据传输时延不超过1 s,通信距离可达100 m,未入网时的平均工作电流为230μA,已入网时的平均工作电流为680μA。该无线传感器网络为煤矿安全监测系统提供了一种低功耗、低成本且高可靠性的数据传输通道和平台。

In view of the complex wiring,challenging maintenance,and limited flexibility of the wired monitoring system for various parameters in underground coal mines,a study was conducted on a low-power wireless sensor network based on UWB technology.The sensor nodes were designed using STM32L151 micro-controller and DW1000 chip,incorporating functionalities such as automatic networking,data multi-hop transmission,and distance measurement.The key technologies of low power wireless sensor network in coal mine were introduced in detail:network mechanism,sensor data multi-hop transmission technology and low power sleep algorithm.The test results show that the network access time of sensor node is proportional to the network depth,as each step of the network depth increases,the network access time increases by 1 digital transmission cycle.The sensor data transmission delay is less than 1 second,and the communication distance can reachup to 100 meters.The average working current is 230μA when the node is not connected to the network,and 680μA when it is connected.It provides a low-power consumption,low cost and high reliability data transmission channel and platform for coal mine safety monitoring system.