面向物联网的分布式设备标识研究与应用

Research and Application of Distributed Identity for IoT Devices

随着5G的普及应用,物联网网络和业务得到了快速发展,海量物联网设备正在被部署和应用。现有的物联网设备标识(OID、Handle、ECode等)主要以中心化模式进行标识认证和管理。随着物联网设备数量的爆发式增长,传统的中心化认证管理模式难以应对海量物联网设备。单点故障、互信缺失、设备劫持、效率较低等问题给物联网系统带来极大的安全隐患。文章介绍物联网设备标识的发展现状,总结现有的物联网设备标识方案及实用性,分析目前中心化物联网设备标识面临的困难与挑战,提出一种基于区块链的分布式物联网设备标识方案。新型的面向物联网的分布式设备标识方案基于区块链技术重构了物联网设备标识及解析系统,利用区块链去中心化、不可篡改、增强信任等特性,解决5G时代海量物联网设备标识与身份的认证问题。

With the popularization of 5G,Internet of Things(IoT)networks and services have developed rapidly,and a large number of IoT devices are being deployed and applied.Existing IoT device identifiers(OID,Handle,ECode,etc.)are mainly used for identification authentication and management in a centralized mode.With the explosive growth of the number of IoT devices,the traditional centralized authentication management model is difficult to cope with the mass of IoT devices.Single point of failure,lack of mutual trust,equipment hijacking,and low efficiency bring great security risks to IoT systems.This paper introduces the current situation of IoT device identity,summarizes the existing IoT device identity mechanisms,analyzes the difficulties and challenges faced by central IoT device identity,and proposes a distributed IoT device identity mechanisms based on blockchain.The new distributed identity solution restructures the identification and resolution system based on blockchain technology,and uses the characteristics of blockchain,such as decentralization,immutability,and reliability to solve the authentication problem of mass IoT device identity in the 5G era.