不同噪声条件下健听人群水平声源定位能力差异研究

The Differences in Horizontal Sound Source Recognition and Localization Ability of Normal Hearing Population under Different Noise Conditions

目的探讨不同噪声条件下健听人群水平声源定位能力的差异。方法选取2022年8月~2023年8月在我院检查的听力正常者78例,测试在安静、白噪声35 dB SPL、40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下,受试者应答扬声器与发声扬声器的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)和平均应答时间。结果不同噪声条件下受试者平均应答时间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);安静条件下受试者RMSE为10.21°±1.55°,明显低于白噪声35 dB SPL、40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下(P<0.05);白噪声40 dB SPL、言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下受试者RMSE分别为15.02°±2.22°和15.16°±2.06°,明显高于白噪声35 dB SPL(P<0.05);安静、白噪声35 dB SPL、白噪声40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下受试者对低频、中频和高频刺激声的平均应答时间无显著差异(P>0.05);白噪声35 dB SPL、40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下受试者对高频刺激声的RMSE均高于低频、中频刺激声(P<0.05),对中频刺激声的RMSE均高于低频刺激声(P<0.05);安静、白噪声35 dB SPL、40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下受试者对前方声源的RMSE明显低于其他方位(P<0.05);安静、白噪声35 dB SPL、40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下受试者对前方和其他方位声源的平均应答时间无显著差异(P>0.05);安静、白噪声35 dB SPL、40 dB SPL和言语噪声40 dB SPL条件下,不同性别、年龄受试者RMSE及平均应答时间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论噪声对健听人群声源识别定位能力有明显影响,在不同噪声条件下,受试者更容易定位来自前方的声源。

Objective To explore the differences in horizontal sound source recognition and localization abilities among people with normal hearing under different noise conditions.Methods 78 normal hearing individuals examined at our hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 were selected to test the root mean square error(RMSE)and the average response time of the speaker and speaker under quiet conditions,with white noise of 35 dB SPL,white noise of 40 dB SPL,and speech noise of 40 dB SPL.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the average response time of subjects under different noise conditions(P>0.05).The RMSE of the subjects under quiet conditions was(10.21±1.55)°,significantly lower than that under white noise conditions of 35 dB SPL,white noise conditions of 40 dB SPL,and speech noise conditions of 40 dB SPL(P<0.05).The RMSE of subjects under white noise 40 dB SPL and speech noise 40 dB SPL conditions were(15.02±2.22)°and(15.16±2.06)°,respectively,significantly higher than those under white noise 35 dB SPL and(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the average response time of subjects to low-frequency,intermediate,and high-frequency stimuli under quiet,white noise 35 dB SPL,white noise 40 dB SPL,and speech noise 40 dB SPL conditions(P>0.05).Under the conditions of 35 dB SPL and 40 dB SPL white noises,the RMSE of subjects to high-frequency stimuli was higher than that of low-frequency and intermediate stimuli(P<0.05).Under the condition of 40 dB SPL speech noise,the RMSE of subjects to high-frequency stimuli was higher than that to low-frequency stimuli(P<0.05).Under the conditions of quietness,white noises of 35 dB SPL,and 40 dB SPL,and speech noise of 40 dB SPL,the RMSE of the subjects towards the front sound source was significantly lower than that of other directions(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the average response time of subjects to the front and other directional sound sources under quiet,white noise 35 dB SPL,white noise 40 dB SPL,and speech noise 40 dB SPL conditions(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in RMSE and average response time among subjects of different genders and ages under quiet,white noise 35 dB SPL,white noise 40 dB SPL,and speech noise 40 dB SPL conditions(P>0.05).Conclusion Noise has a significant impact on the ability of normal hearing individuals to identify and locate sound sources.Under different noise conditions,subjects are more likely to locate sound sources from the front.