设施葡萄大棚灰霉病调查及空气中灰葡萄孢的致病性分析

Investigation of Gray Mold in Grapevine Greenhouse and Pathogenicity Analysis of Botrytis Cinerea in Air

为了明确设施葡萄灰霉病的发生情况,以及设施大棚空气中灰葡萄孢对葡萄的致病性,本研究对山东济阳和招远两地的6个葡萄大棚进行了灰霉病调查,利用大流量空气采样器采集棚内空气样品,对其中的灰葡萄孢进行分离、鉴定和致病力检测。结果显示,葡萄灰霉病在两基地的葡萄生长季均有发生,且8月灰霉病的病情指数最高,为11.22。通过对空气样本中的真菌进行分离鉴定和致病性分析发现,设施葡萄大棚空气中存在大量的灰霉病菌,该病原菌的分离率最高,为38.89%,且对多个葡萄品种具有致病力,但在不同葡萄品种间存在差异,其中对‘红地球’的致病力最强,对‘阳光玫瑰’的致病力最弱。本研究为设施葡萄灰霉病在空气中的传播提供了有力证据,为设施葡萄中病害的预警和防治奠定了一定的基础。

In order to clarify the occurrence of gray mold in facility grapes and the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea in facility air,B.cinerea in six grape greenhouses in Jiyang and Zhaoyuan of Shandong were investigated,and air samples were collected by high-flow air sampler,and B.cinerea was isolated,identified and tested for pathogenicity.The results showed that gray mold occurred in grape growing seasons in both regions,and the disease index of gray mold was the highest in August(11.22).Through the isolation,identification and pathogenicity analysis of the fungi in air samples,it was found that there were a large number of B.cinerea in air of grape greenhouse,and the isolation rate of this pathogen was the highest(38.89%),and it had pathogenicity to multiple grape varieties,but there were differences among different varieties,among which the pathogenicity of'Red Globe'was the strongest,and that of'Shine Muscat'was the weakest.This study provided strong evidence for the airborne transmission of gray mold of grape facilities,and laid a foundation for the early warning and prevention of disease in grape facility.