钱著版本演化的心因解码——从“自鉴”到“记愧”

A Mental Cause Decoding of the Evolution of the Versions of Qian’s Works:From“Self-Evaluation”to“Self-Reflection”

学界若细读晚近七十年学案,迟早会惊诧将“古籍版本学”与“今典版本学”分开的那条边界,当在“著者在场与否”。这就导致并非因“著者在场”,而是因旧法印刷术所造成的“讹、衍、缺、脱”,以及因此而形成的古籍版本学之“善本”“残本”概念,若无差别地套在今典版本学头上,则难免不适用或不够用。对钱著版本演化的深层追究业已表明:无论是著者1978年对旧文《中国诗与中国画》的修订,还是1994年《管锥编》卷五对原本四卷的增订,抑或2002年三联版《宋诗选注》刻意将此书做成“拟残本”诸现象,皆溢出了传统版本学所熟睹的“平面、墨迹、目测”之特征;相反,因“著者在场”而酿成的钱著版本演化,在深层次呈现了“立体、心因、透视”新特征,且以“心因”为内驱性机制。简言之,若曰钱锺书对《中国诗与中国画》的1978年修订,以及对《管锥编》四卷的1994年增订,是想将这两种今典做成“善本”,以“给自己一个学术史鉴定”,即“自鉴”;那么,他对《宋诗选注》2002年三联版的最后定夺,则是旨在“给学术史一个警醒”,即“版本记愧”。于是,《宋诗选注》以“拟残本”传世,也就形同于著者为了让晚辈铭记那段学术史“羞辱”。

will sooner or later be surprised that the boundary separating“science of editions of ancient books”and“science of editions of modern classic books”should lie at“the presence or absence of the author”.The“errors,variants,deficiencies and omissions”is not caused by“the presence of the author”but by the old printing technique,which results in the concepts of“good edition”and“fragmentary edition”.If applied indiscriminately to the editions of modern classic books,they are inevitably not applicable or insufficient.As shown by an in-depth examination into the e-volution of the versions of Qian’s works,whether it is the author’s 1978 revision of his old version of Chinese Poetry and Chinese Painting,the 1994 addenda of Tubecone Series Vol.V to the origi-nal four volumes or the 2002 Sanlian Bookstore edition of the Selected and Annotated Poems of the Song Dynasty that deliberately made this book into a“pseudo-fragmentary edition”,all of which are full of the“flat surface,ink mark and visual observation”features commonly seen in tradition-al studies of editions;on the contrary,the evolution of the versions of Qian’s works caused by the“presence of the author”presents the new characteristics of“three dimensions,mental cause and perspective”at a deep level and an internally-driven mechanism by the“mental cause”.In short,if Qian Zhongshu’s 1978 revision of Chinese Poetry and Chinese Painting and his 1994 update of four volumes of Tubecone Series were intended to make the two modern classic works into“good editions”so as to“give himself an academic history appraisal”or“self-evaluation”,his final decision on the 2002 Sanlian Bookstore edition of the Selected and Annotated Poems of the Song Dynasty should be aimed at“giving a wake-up call to the academic history”,that is,“self-reflec-tion on the edition”.As a result,the Selected and Annotated Poems of the Song Dynasty is handed down to the world as a“pseudo-fragmentary edition”,which can be said to be the author’s purpose of making the younger generation to engrave on their minds the“humiliation”in that period of aca-demic history.