1961-2018年长白山气候舒适期变化特征

Characteristics of climate comfort period in Changbai Mountain region from 1961 to 2018

研究长白山气候舒适期的变化,可以为其旅游业发展规划提供科学依据。基于1961—2018年长白山二道气象站逐日观测资料和NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Na⁃tional Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料,分析长白山地区气候舒适期特征及其与大气环流的关系,并利用综合舒适指数对长白山气候舒适度进行评价。结果表明:长白山地区5—9月为气候舒适期,4月和10月为气候较舒适期。稳定气候舒适初日整体呈提前趋势[1.9 d·(10 a)^(-1)];稳定气候舒适终日整体呈推迟趋势[2.3 d·(10 a)^(-1)],且在1988年前后发生突变,由偏早转为偏晚。稳定气候舒适期平均为177 d,整体呈增长趋势[4.2 d·(10 a)^(-1)],其中1960—1980年代初期为偏短期,1980—1990年代中期为平稳期,1990年代中期以后转变为偏长期,并存在3~5 a周期。当东亚地区春季500 hPa高度场正异常,有利于稳定气候舒适初日异常偏早,反之异常偏晚;当东亚—西北太平洋地区500 hPa高度场存在负异常,有利于稳定气候舒适终日异常偏早,反之异常偏晚。

Changbai Mountain has abundant tourism resources,and studying the changes in its climate comfort period can provide a scientific basis for the development planning of Changbai Mountain’s tourism.Based on the daily observation data of Erdao Meteoro⁃logical Station and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1961 to 2018,the characteristics of the climate comfort period in the Changbai Mountain area and its relationship with atmospheric circulation were analyzed,and the comprehensive comfort index was used to evalu⁃ate the climate comfort degree of the Changbai Mountain area.The results show that the most comfortable period for tourism in the Changbai Mountain area is from May to September,and the more comfortable period for tourism is in April and October,the less com⁃fortable period for tourism is in March and November,and the uncomfortable period is in December,January and February.The stable climate comfort initial date(SCCID)shows an overall advance trend(1.9 d/10 a).The stable climate comfort last date(SCCLD)shows a delayed trend as a whole(2.3 d/10 a),and a mutation from early to late occurred around 1988.The averaged stable climate comfort pe⁃riod(SCCP)is 177 d,showing an overall growth trend(4.2 d/10 a).It was short-term from the 1960s to the early 1980s,and was stableterm from the 1980s to the mid-1990s,while after the mid-1990s,it has changed to long-term with a 3-5 years cycle.When 500 hPa height field in East Asia in spring shows a significantly positive anomaly,it is conducive to abnormally earlier SCCID,and vice versa.When there is a significantly negative anomaly in the 500 hPa height field over the East Asia to Northwestern Pacific region,it is condu⁃cive to abnormally earlier SCCLD,and vice versa.