玉米种质资源农艺性状鉴定与综合评价

Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Characters of Maize Germplasm Resources

为了筛选玉米优良品种,促进玉米产业发展,选取来自中国、法国、美国的26份玉米品种资源,运用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,对26份玉米种质资源的株高、穗长、穗粗、穗位高、雄穗长、穗行数、抽雄天数、主茎叶片数、千粒重等农艺性状进行分析和评价。结果表明,26个玉米品种资源的9个农艺性状表现出明显的差异性,其中穗位高变异系数高达24.00%,抽雄天数变异系数低至6.60%。9个性状之间,株高和穗位高、穗粗和穗行数、穗粗和千粒重、穗位高和抽雄天数、穗位高和主茎叶片数、抽雄天数和主茎叶片数之间均呈现显著相关,其他性状之间没有显著相关性。通过聚类分析和主成分分析发现当欧氏距离为9时,26个玉米品种资源可以分为六大类,HLJZM009573、HLJZM009589、HLJZM009666三个品种得分排在前3名,综合性状较好,适宜在黑龙江省哈尔滨市及相同生态区种植。

In order to screen excellent varieties of maize and promote the development of maize industry,26 maize germplasm resources from China,France and the United States were selected,and nine agronomic characters,such as plant height,ear length,ear diameter,ear height,tassel length,rows per ear,days of tasseling,number of main stem leaves and 1000-grain weight were analyzed and evaluated by using the methods of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that 26 maize varieties showed obvious differences in 9 agronomic traits,among which the coefficient of variation of ear height was as high as 24.00%,and the coefficient of variation of tasseling days was as low as 6.60%.There were significant correlations between plant height and ear height,ear diameter and rows per ear,ear diameter and 1000-grain weight,ear height and tasseling days,ear height and the number of main stems and leaves,and the number of tasseling days and the number of main stem leaves.Through cluster analysis and principal component analysis,it is found that when euclidean distance was 9,26 maize varieties can be divided into six categories,and three varieties,HLJZM009573,HLJZM009589 and HLJZM009666,rank in the top three,with good comprehensive properties,which are suitable for planting in Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province and the same ecological area.