低产抽油机井变速优化运行实践与认识

Practice and understanding of variable speed optimization and operation for low pro⁃duction pumping well

为解决大庆外围油田常规抽油机运行过程中系统效率较低、常规间抽执行率低等问题,在大庆油田开展了低产抽油机井变速优化运行技术研究和实践应用。建立了电参数、曲柄轴扭矩、减速箱振动和悬点示功图四节点测试评价方法,为抽油机变速优化运行提供节能评价依据。现场测试结果表明,与曲柄整周运行相比,摇摆模式下功率峰值下降77.6%,曲柄轴扭矩峰值降低67.3%,振动峰值和振动均值分别降低36.1%、80%,应用后示功图面积增加35.3%,供液不足得到明显改善,动液面波动范围仅为8.5 m;现场14口井测试结果表明,平均节电率为13.6%,系统效率平均提高3.6个百分点,现场累计节电量16.3×10^(4)kWh,累计节电费用10.4万元,显示了良好的应用前景。

In order to solve the problems of low system efficiency and low execution rate of conventional interval pumping during the operation of conventional pumping unit in Daqing peripheral oilfields,the research and practical application of variable speed optimization and operation technology for low production pumping well have been carried out in Daqing oilfield.The test methods of four-nodes of electricity parameters,crankshaft torque,reducer box vibration and suspension point power diagram have been established,which provides the energy conservation evaluation basis for variable speed optimization and operation.The field test has shown that compared with cranking whole week operation,the peak power is decreased by 77.6%under the swinging mode,the peak crankshaft torque is reduced by 67.3%,and the peak vibration and average vibration are reduced by 36.1%and 80%respectively.After the application,the power diagram area is increased by 35.3%,which makes insufficient supply be improved,and the fluctuation range of the dynamic liquid level is only 8.5 m.The test results of 14 wells in the field showed that the average power saving rate is 13.6%,the system efficiency is improved by 3.6 percentage points on average,the accumulated power saving is 16.3×10^(4) kWh,and the accumulated cost of power saving is 104000 yuan,which shows a good application prospect.