老年2型糖尿病患者衰弱现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current situation and risk factors of frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

目的调查老年2型糖尿病患者的衰弱现状,分析潜在影响因素,以期为相关干预研究提供参考依据。方法通过采用方便抽样法,选择广西医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科收治的120名老年患者作为研究对象,收集社会人口学资料、生活方式、疾病相关资料等数据,并使用Fried衰弱量表对患者的衰弱状况进行评估,并将其分为衰弱组和非衰弱组,采用微型营养评定简表、简版老年抑郁量表调查患者的营养状况、抑郁情况。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析探究老年2型糖尿病患者衰弱的影响因素。结果老年2型糖尿病患者衰弱的发生率为22.50%(27/120)。单因素分析结果显示,在婚姻状况、夜晚睡眠时长、运动情况、抑郁情况、营养状况、认知障碍等方面,衰弱组和非衰弱组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);而在其他因素如性别、年龄、宗教信仰、学历、个人月收入等方面,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示,抑郁(OR=15.526,95%CI:3.264~73.853)和认知障碍(OR=14.335,95%CI:1.791~114.741)是影响老年2型糖尿病患者发生衰弱的独立危险因素,夜晚睡眠时长>6 h(OR=0.247,95%CI:0.075~0.819)和规律运动(OR=0.088,95%CI:0.020~0.396)是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者衰弱的发生率较高,夜晚睡眠时长、抑郁情况、规律运动和认知障碍是潜在干预靶点。临床应对老年2型糖尿病患者进行早期衰弱筛查,并针对衰弱发生的危险因素进行早期干预,进而延缓衰弱的发展。

Objective This study aims to investigate the current status of frailty in elderly pa⁃tients with type 2 diabetes and analyze potential influencing factors.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 120 elderly patients from the Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University as research subjects.Sociodemograph⁃ic information,lifestyle,disease-related information,and other data were collected.The Fried Frailty Scale was utilized to assess the patients'frailty status,dividing them into frail and non-frail groups.Nutritional status and depression were evaluated using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form and the Short Geriatric Depression Scale,respectively.The findings of this study aim to provide a basis for related intervention research.Results The study found that 22.50%(27/120)of participants experienced asthenia.Univariate analysis demonstrated significant disparities between the frailty group and non-frailty group concerning marital status,duration of night sleep,exercise habits,depression levels,nutritional status,and cognitive function(P<0.05).Multi⁃variate regression analysis indicated that depression(OR=15.526,95%CI3.264-73.853)and cognitive impairment(OR=14.335,95%CI1.791-114.741)emerged as autonomous risk factors for frailty in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes;Night sleep duration exceeding 6 hours(OR=0.247,95%CI0.075-0.819)and regular physical activity(OR=0.088,95%CI0.020-0.396)were identified as protective factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Elderly patients with type 2 diabe⁃tes have a higher incidence of frailty.Factors such as sleep duration at night,depression,regular exercise,and cognitive impairment can be targeted for intervention.Screening elderly patients with type 2 diabetes for early signs of frailty and addressing risk factors through specific interven⁃tions can help slow down the progression of frailty.