预合金化粉末制备钛基复合材料研究进展

Research progress in titanium matrix composites prepared by pre-alloyed composite powder

钛基复合材料(TMCs)以其高强度、高比模量、优良的耐磨性和耐热性,成为航空航天等领域广泛使用的先进结构材料。粉末冶金(PM)和增材制造(AM)作为TMCs的常见先进制备工艺,因其具有高材料设计自由度和材料利用率而备受青睐。然而,这些工艺在增强相分布、尺寸及结构方面的局限性,使得TMCs的力学性能提升面临挑战。预合金化粉末为TMCs提供了新颖的增强相结构,可以将TiC、TiB等陶瓷颗粒细化至纳米级并均匀分布,显著细化材料,同时,还可以与一次粉末边界(PPB)网络结构结合,实现增强相的多级分布,为PM和AM工艺在优化TMCs的强塑性方面开辟新的途径。基于此背景,本文综述了利用预合金化粉末制备PM TMCs和AM TMCs的研究进展,介绍了预合金化粉末的制备工艺,并探讨了其带来的新型结构与性能优化效果。最后,总结了该工艺在当前阶段面临的突出问题,并展望了未来的研究方向和发展趋势。

Titanium matrix composites(TMCs)possessed high strength,high specific modulus,excellent wear resistance,and heat resistance,making them widely used as advanced structural materials in aerospace and other fields.Powder metallurgy(PM)and additive manufacturing(AM)were common advanced processing techniques for TMCs,valued for their high degree of material design freedom and material utilization.However,these processes faced challenges in enhancing the mechanical properties of TMCs due to the limitations in distribution,size,and structure of reinforcing phases.Pre-alloyed powders offered novel reinforcing phase structures for TMCs,enabling ceramic particles such as TiC and TiB to be refined to the nanoscale and uniformly distributed,significantly refining the material.Additionally,these powders could be combined with primary powder boundary(PPB)network structures to achieve multiscale distribution of reinforcing phases,opening new avenues for improving the strength and plasticity of TMCs through PM and AM techniques.Based on this background,this review summarized the research progress in the preparation of PM TMCs and AM TMCs using pre-alloyed powders,introduced the preparation processes of pre-alloyed powders,and explored the new structures and performance optimization effects brought by these processes.Finally,this paper summarized the current challenges faced by this technology and provided an outlook on future research directions and development trends.