试论规范民事非法证据排除制度的程序运行

On Standardizing the Procedural Operation of the Civil Illegal Evidence Exclusion System

民事非法证据排除制度是查明真相与保障人权、实体利益与程序利益、形式正义与实质正义三重逻辑的有机统一。据此民事非法证据排除规则具有正当性。然而,通过检索裁判文书网的实务案例,不难发现民事非法证据排除制度程序运行中仍存在前段启动双重变奏、中端自由裁量各异、末端救济保障不足等问题。而一个制度最重要的就是运行,如果无法规范民事非法证据排除制度的程序运行,也将难以实现程序正义、保障权益的初衷和目标。

The civil illegal evidence exclusion system embodies the organic unity of three logical dimensions:uncovering the truth and safeguarding human rights,substantive interests and procedural interests,as well as formal justice and substantive justice.Based on this,the rules for excluding civil illegal evidence possess legitimacy.Nevertheless,through a review of practical cases retrieved from the Judicial Documents Network,it is evident that issues persist in the procedural operation of the civil illegal evidence exclusion system,including dual variations in the initial stage,diverse discretions in the middle stage,and inadequate remedies and safeguards in the final stage.The essence of any system lies in its operation;if the procedural operation of the civil illegal evidence exclusion system cannot be standardized,it will be difficult to achieve the original intention and goals of procedural justice and rights protection.