水力侵蚀作用下坡地土壤碳氮淋溶迁移特征

Characteristics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Leaching and Transport on Slopes under Hydraulic Erosion

碳氮随壤中流淋溶下渗是土壤碳氮流失的主要路径之一,然而由于直接观测难度大,土壤碳氮淋溶相关研究相对滞后,特别是由于壤中流的复杂性,一些问题还未得到完全解释。本文基于文献总结分析土壤、环境及壤中流影响下土壤碳氮淋溶迁移特征和观测方法,系统总结碳氮淋溶的研究方法以及各自优劣。结果表明:影响碳氮淋溶的因素众多,最主要的是降水和土壤性质。现场测量方式能真实反映淋溶的自然过程,室内试验能有效便捷地定量研究各因素对淋溶的影响,数学模型通过模拟水和溶质在多孔介质中的流动和输移,能更好地理解碳氮淋溶的物理机理,未来研究可将这些方法有机结合,以实现更好的研究效果。本文旨在为碳氮在物质循环和养分转移过程中的作用提供一定认识,为未来更好地调控生态系统中碳和氮的矿化、固着、淋溶和植物吸收的动态变化提供依据。

Carbon and nitrogen leaching and seepage with subsurface flow is one of the main paths of soil carbon and nitrogen loss.However,as great challenges lie in direct observation,soil carbon and nitrogen leaching related research is relatively lagging behind.Especially due to the complexity of the soil subsurface flow,some problems have not been fully elucidated.In this paper,the characteristics and observation methodologies of soil carbon and nitrogen leaching under the influence of soil,environment and subsurface flow were first summarized,and numerous complicated factors demonstrated to affect carbon and nitrogen leaching,where the influence of rainfall and soil properties were pre-dominant.Field measurement could reflect the natural process of leaching,the indoor experiment could effectively quantify the influential factors on leaching,and the mathematical model could help understand the physical mechanism of carbon and nitrogen leaching by simulating water flow and matter transport in porous media.Future research could combine these methods to achieve a better research effect.The aim of this paper was to provide a certain understanding of the role of carbon and nitrogen in the process of matter cycling and nutrient transfer,and to provide a scientific basis for better regulation of the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen mineralisation,sequestration,leaching and plant uptake in future ecosystems.