吐鲁番文书中的《维摩诘经》及其注疏

The Vinaya Sutra and its Commentaries in Turfan documents

吐鲁番出土的《维摩诘经》有三种译本:支谦、鸠摩罗什、玄奘。其中鸠摩罗什译本留存更多,与敦煌文献中《维摩诘经》译本留存占比最盛同致,反映鸠摩罗什译本更为广泛流传。在《维摩经》相关注疏中,同见于敦煌文献的有:罗什诸师单合注本《注维摩诘经》、慧远《维摩义记》、吉藏《维摩经义疏》《维摩抄》、神楷《维摩经疏》、道液《净名经集解关中疏》、《净名经关中释抄》、佚名《维摩义记》(P.2273、BD01032类)、《维摩经疏》(S.6381类)。只见于吐鲁番文献的有:支谦译本的两种注疏——《西域考古图谱》3-3和中村155-5,窥基《说无垢称经疏》,与慧远《维摩义记》密切相关的中村176-11。共见部分反映“敦煌不孤”,体现某种经疏曾在敦煌、吐鲁番两地广泛传播,凸显敦煌吐鲁番地区的空间开放性及佛教文化交流的繁盛;独见部分是孤本逸注,具有很高的文献价值。

Three versions of the Vimalakirti Sutra were unearthed in Turfan,translated by Zhiqian,Kumar⁃ajiva,and Xuanzang.Among them,the Kumarajiva version has been preserved more extensively,which is consistent with its predominant presence in the Dunhuang manuscripts,which reflects the wider circula⁃tion of the Kumarajiva translation.In related annotations on the Vimalakirti Sutra,those found in Dun⁃huang manuscripts include:a combined commentary by various masters on the Vimalakirti Sutra,Huiyu⁃an’s“Records of Interpretation of Vimalakirti,”Jizang’s“Commentary on Vimalakirti Sutra,”“Vimalakirti Extracts”by Shenkai,Daoli’s“Explanatory Notes on Jingming Scripture Collection,”as well as anonymous works such as“Records of Interpretation of Vimalakirti”(P.2273,BD01032 category)and“Commentary on Vimalakirti Sutra”(S.6381 category).Those exclusively found in Turpan literature include two commentaries on Zhiqian’s translation-“Archaeological Atlas of Western Regions”3-3 and Nakamura 155-5;Kuiji’s“Commentary on Praising Immaculacy”;and Nakamura 176-11 closely relat⁃ed to Huiyuan’s“Records of Interpretation of Vimalakirti.”The shared parts reflect that“Dunhuang is not isolated,”demonstrating that certain commentaries had been widely disseminated in both Dunhuang and Turfan areas,highlighting their spatial openness and flourishing Buddhist cultural exchanges,which shows great and high value.