广西兴安县葡萄园土壤养分情况分析

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Status of Vineyards in Xing'an County of Guangxi

【目的】葡萄园土壤中的养分情况与葡萄生长和果实品质息息相关。弄清兴安县葡萄园土壤的养分情况,可以更好的制定科学的施肥方案,为当地葡萄精准施肥栽培提供参考依据。【方法】葡萄园施肥前,选取兴安县22个代表性的葡萄园,挖取20cm左右深的土壤样品,检测分析所有样品的pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效硼、有效铁、有效锰等养分的含量。【结果】兴安县葡萄园的土壤pH值3.91~6.75;有机质含量16.8~34.9g/kg;碱解氮含量14.90~390.61mg/kg;有效磷31.42~533.85mg/kg;速效钾67.60~398.33mg/kg;交换性钙242~1250.66mg/kg;交换性镁26.28~225.13mg/kg;锌、硼、铁、锰的含量分别为0.80~26.06、0.20~7.92、70.13~460.56、3.13~92.31mg/kg。【结论】兴安县(下同)土壤普遍偏酸,有机质含量不高,大多数土壤碱解氮、交换性镁、有效锰含量缺乏,速效钾、交换性钙含量中等,有效磷、有效锌、有效铁含量丰富。在兴安县葡萄园种植管理中,应重视土壤酸化改良,每年都应该施用适量的土壤酸化调理剂,增施合格的商品有机肥,适当加大镁肥和硼肥的用量,在钙钾的高峰需求期,多施钙钾肥,同时可以适当减少磷肥的用量。

[Objective]The nutrients in the vineyard soil are closely related to the grape growth and the fruit quality.We can better formulate a scientific fertilization plan and provide a reference basis for accurate fertilization and cultivation of local grape cultivation by finding out the nutrient situation of the vineyard soil in Xing'an county.[Method]Before fertilizing the vineyard,22 representative vineyards in Xing'an were selected and soil samples about 20 cm deep were dug.The pH value,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available zinc,available boron,available iron,available manganese and other nutrients in all samples were determined.[Result]The soil pH value of vineyards in Xing'an area was 3.91~6.75,the content of organic matter was 16.8~34.9 g/kg with 14.90~390.61 mg/kg available nitrogen,31.42~533.85 mg/kg available phosphorus,67.60~398.33 mg/kg available potassium,242~1250.66 mg/kg exchangeable Ca and 26.28~225.13 mg/kg exchangeable Mg.The contents of available Zn,available B,available Fe and available Mn were 0.80~26.06 mg/kg,0.20~7.92 mg/kg,70.13~460.56 mg/kg,26.28~225.13 mg/kg respectively.[Conclution]The soil in Xingan area is generally acidic with low organic matter.Most of the soil is deficient in alkaline nitrogen and exchangeable magnesiu,moderate in available potassium and exchangeable calcium,and rich in available phosphorus,available zinc,available iron and available manganese.Soil acidification and improvement should be emphasized in vineyard planting management in Xing'an county.Every year,appropriate amounts of soil acidification conditioner should be applied,qualified commercial organic fertilizer should be increased,and the amount of fertilizers of magnesium and boron should be appropriately increased.During the peak demand period of calcium and potassium,more calcium and potassium fertilizer should be applied and at the same time,the amount of phosphorus fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.