公平竞争审查的制度定位与体系协调——以合法性审查为参照

Institutional Positioning and System Coordination of Fair Competition Review--Taking Legality Review as the Benchmark

公平竞争审查统摄于反垄断法的制度定位使其游离于合法性审查行政控制程序之外,成为一项孤立无援的文件审查制度,导致公平竞争审查形式化问题严重,存在被合法性审查吸收甚至取代的风险。合法性审查的实施方式经历了从备案审查为主到备案审查和合法性审核双轨并行的阶段,为公平竞争审查和合法性审查的制度衔接提供了可能性。公平竞争审查是法治政府建设的内在要求,能够构建“有效市场+有为政府”的关系格局。应当积极推进公平竞争合宪性审查,促进公平竞争审查制度向破除行政性垄断的宪法“大制度”回归,同时明确其与行政性垄断制度的相对独立地位。审查范围的同步为公平竞争审查和合法性审查的协调提供了基础条件,应当明确二者审查标准的差异和重点,在制定环节、审核环节、监督环节提取二者程序协同的最大公约数,并通过启动公平竞争司法审查和开展公平竞争审查后评估保障制度的实施效果。

The system design logic of"emphasizing market over administration"for fair competition review leads to the fact that fair competition review is outside the procedure of administrative normative documents making,and becomes an isolated system responsible for policy-making organs and competition authorities.The change from the record review system of post-supervision to the legality review system of administrative normative documents under the self-review mode has provided the possibility of institutional articulation between the fair competition review and the legality review.Fair competition review is an intrinsic requirement of the construction of the rule of law government,and can build the government-market relationship pattern of"effective market+active government",and we should actively promote the review of the constitutionality of fair competition,and promote the return of the fair competition review system to the constitutional"big system"of eliminating administrative monopoly,and at the same time,the review of the legality of administrative normative documents under the mode of self-review.We should actively promote the review of the constitutionality of fair competition and facilitate the return of the fair competition review system to the constitutional"big system"of eliminating administrative monopoly,and at the same time clarify its relatively independent status through the formulation of the Fair Competition Review Regulations.The synchronization of the scope of review provides the basic conditions for the coordination of the fair competition review and legality review,and then clarifies the differences and focus of the review standards of the two,extracts the maximum common denominator of the synergy of the procedures of the two in the process of formulation,review,and supervision,and guarantees the effectiveness of the system through the initiation of the judicial review of the fair competition and the assessment of the post-fair competition review.