中国葡萄科特有种分布格局分析

Analysis on distribution patterns of endemic species of Vitaceae in China

根据最新分类系统更新中国葡萄科(Vitaceae)特有种名录,整合点分布数据和县级面分布数据,绘制葡萄科特有种、广布特有种和狭域特有种的分布中心,利用MaxEnt模型模拟未来气候变化下部分中国葡萄科特有种的适生区,识别出值得重点关注的未来分布范围缩小的物种。结果显示:中国葡萄科特有种丰富,共有12属94种,热点地区主要集中在华中、东南及西南地区。中国葡萄科狭域特有种热点地区主要集中在西南边境和东南沿海地区,而广布特有种的分布格局与所有特有种的基本一致。MaxEnt模型模拟结果显示:在未来气候条件下,中国葡萄科42种特有种中有33种未来的总适生区和高适生区均呈现明显扩大趋势,9种未来的总适生区或高适生区呈现明显缩小趋势;中国葡萄科42种特有种中有37种的未来总适生区呈现向北部高纬度地区或西部高海拔地区迁移的趋势。综上所述,中国葡萄科特有种热点地区均位于中国生物多样性极其丰富的区域,但部分热点地区附近的保护地面积小且分布零散,保护效力偏低。建议就近整合零散的保护地,建立面积更大、连通性更高的国家公园或自然保护区。

Based on the latest classification system,the list of endemic species of Vitaceae in China was updated,the point distribution data and county-level areal distribution data were integrated,the distribution centers of endemic species,widely distributed endemic species,and narrowly distributed endemic species of Vitaceae were mapped,the suitable habitats of some endemic species of Vitaceae in China under future climate change were simulated by using the MaxEnt model,and species with narrowed distribution ranges in the future that deserve close attention were identified.The results show that endemic species of Vitaceae in China are abundant,with a total of 94 species belonging to 12 genera,and the hotspots are mainly concentrated in central,southeastern,and southwestern China.The hotspots of narrowly distributed endemic species of Vitaceae in China are mainly concentrated along the southwestern border and southeastern coastal areas,while the distribution pattern of widely distributed endemic species is basically consistent with that of all endemic species.The MaxEnt model simulation result shows that under future climate conditions,33 of the 42 endemic species of Vitaceae in China show an evident expansion tendency in both future total suitable habitats and highly suitable habitats,while 9 endemic species show an obvious shrinkage tendency in future total suitable habitats or highly suitable habitats;the future total suitable habitats of 37 of the 42 endemic species of Vitaceae in China show a tendency to migrate towards high latitude areas in the north or high altitude areas in the west.In conclusion,the hotspots of endemic species of Vitaceae in China are all located in areas with extremely rich biodiversity in China,but the protected areas near some hotspots are small and scattered,resulting in low protection effectiveness.It is recommended to integrate scattered protected areas nearby,and establish larger and more connected national parks or nature reserves.