高等教育的高质量发展与人力资源分布的区域均衡

The High-quality Development of Higher Education and the Regional Equilibrium of Distribution of Human Resources

高等教育的大众化有力地促进了城镇化,城镇化的聚集效应也伴随着人力资源分布上的城乡差异和地区差异扩大的马太效应,这可从全国人口普查中有关区域人口大学文化程度人数比例的差异上得到印证。正在推进的以县城为重要载体的新型城镇化,有利于在发挥聚集效应的同时消减那种马太效应,促进人力资源分布的区域均衡;因而高等教育高质量发展中,应注重更好地为县域培养和输送人才。为此,需要县域高等教育的发展和更多高校毕业生到县域基层工作。由于中国高等教育本专科招生规模已临近增长的极限,县域高等教育的发展,更多地只能基于存量的结构调整,这种调整的张力在教育内部来自未尽的部分高校拓展学校建筑空间和校园用地的惯性以及中职学校升格的惯性。而要建立能让高校毕业生更多更好在县域工作的长效机制,就需要县域产业结构的调整升级和新的社会生态的建设。

The proliferation of higher education has significantly propelled urbanization,and the agglomeration effect of urbanization is also accompanied by the Matthew effect of disparities in human resource distribution between urban and rural areas,as well as the amplification of regional discrepancies.This can be substantiated by examining variations in the proportion of college-educated individuals across different regions in national censuses.The new form of urbanization,with counties playing a crucial role as carriers,is facilitating the reduction of the Matthew effect while maximizing the aggregation effect and promoting regional balance in human resource distribution.Therefore,in order to achieve high-quality development in higher education,it is imperative to focus on cultivating and mobilizing talents for countylevel regions.Consequently,there is a pressing need for the advancement of county-level higher education and an increased presence of college graduates at grassroots levels.Given that higher education enrollment has reached its growth limit,the development of county-level higher education can only be achieved through structural adjustments within existing institutions.The challenges associated with this adjustment stem from institutional inertia regarding expansion of physical infrastructure and campus land area among certain colleges and universities,as well as upgrading efforts within secondary vocational schools.To establish a sustainable mechanism that enables college graduates to effectively contribute at county-level positions,it necessitates comprehensive adjustments and upgrades in industrial structure alongside the construction of a new social ecology.