三维装载优化模型与算法研究综述

Review of 3D Packing Optimization Model and Algorithm

目的随着电子商务和物流技术的快速发展,货物三维装载问题(Three dimension packing prob-lem,3DPP)引起了学术界的广泛关注,实施货物的三维装载与配送已成为物流行业降本增效的重要途径之一。方法利用文献分析法对3DPP模型和算法进行综述,首先对3DPP进行量化图谱分析;其次阐明3DPP基础模型,阐述承重、支撑面、货物旋转、货物重心等4种约束条件,总结层级、块生成、空间划分、建堆法等4种不同三维装载方式;然后,阐述3DPP模型的各类优化求解算法,并利用BR数据集和LN实例对比分析部分经典算法的性能。结论未来物流3DPP可以从标准化包装、两阶段三维装载、配送路径成本等方面进行研究。

With the rapid development of e-commerce and logistics technology,the three dimension packing problem(3DPP)has attracted extensive attention from the academic community.The implementation of three dimension packing and distribution of goods has become one of the important ways to achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase in the logistics industry.The literature analysis method was used to review the 3DPP model and algorithm.Firstly,the quantitative graph analysis of 3DPP was carried out.Secondly,the basic model of 3DPP was clarified,the four constraints such as load bearing,supporting surface,rotation of goods and center of gravity of goods were expounded,and the four different three dimension packing methods such as hierarchy,block generation,space division and stack building method were summarized.Then,the various optimization algorithms of 3DPP model were described,and the performance of some classical algorithms was compared and analyzed by BR dataset and LN example.The future logistics 3DPP can be studied from the aspects of standardized packaging,two-stage three dimension packing,and distribution path cost.