异步共识协议研究综述

An Overview on Asynchronous Consensus Protocols

共识协议作为区块链的底层核心技术,近年来受到研究者们的广泛关注并取得了大量研究成果.异步共识协议是一种不依赖于任何时间假设的经典分布式共识协议,本文从设计原理、性能表现和安全特性等角度对现有的异步共识协议进行研究.首先,根据功能分类总结了异步共识协议的主要构造原语,深入分析了各类共识原语中典型协议的设计原理.其次,针对各类共识原语,辩证分析了典型协议的性能表现,探讨其安全特性及存在问题.最后,总结了异步共识协议在安全、性能、功能等层面的研究热点和发展方向.

As the underlying core technology of blockchain,consensus protocols have received much attention from researchers in recent years and have achieved many research results.The asynchronous consensus protocols are a class of classical distributed consensus protocols that do not rely on any time assumption.This paper studies the existing asynchronous consensus protocols from the perspectives of design principles,performance,and security properties.Firstly,the main construction primitives of asynchronous consensus protocols are summarized and classified according to the different functional-ity.This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the design principles of typical protocols in various consensus primitives.Secondly,for each type of consensus primitives,this paper dialectically analyzes the performance of typical protocols and discusses their security properties and existing problems.Finally,this paper points out some research hotspots and development directions of asynchronous consensus protocols with respect to security,performance,and functionality.