环境经济核算体系空间分解的国际经验、发展困境与政策举措

International Experience,Development Dilemma and Policy Measures of Spatial Decomposition of Environmental Economic Accounting System

环境经济核算体系(SEEA)是量化环境状况和环境与经济间复杂关系的有效统计工具,但其全国总量掩盖了地区差异。空间分解作为国际前沿的SEEA扩展方法,可显示SEEA数据的精确空间位置或详细行政区域,为环境治理和区域规划提供更为科学细致的数据支持。国际标准明确了SEEA空间分解的相关方法,并有45个国家实践SEEA的空间分解,进而将此方法推广至国民账户体系(SNA)和其他数据,初步建设了环境、经济、社会三位一体的空间数据基础设施。我国已试编SEEA部分账户,但进一步开展SEEA空间分解工作面临空间单位库尚未建设、数据口径不一致、SEEA建设不完善的问题,导致我国难以准确划分各地环境治理的任务和收益,制约了地方政府环境治理积极性。为此确定空间分辨率,建立全面统一的空间单位库;收集和协调数据,建立空间数据基础设施;全面建设SEEA,提供充足总量数据供空间分解;分解SEEA、SNA和其他数据,绘制环境、经济、社会综合数据地图;完善空间数据管理方法,提升数据质量和使用便利程度。

The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting(SEEA)is an effective statistical tool for quantifying environmental conditions and the complex relationship between environment and economy,but its national total masks regional differences.As an international frontier SEEA extension method,space decomposition can display the accurate spatial location or detailed administrative area of SEEA data,and provide more scientific and detailed data support for environmental governance and regional planning.The international public standard clarifies the relevant methods of SEEA spatial decomposition,and 45 countries practice the spatial decomposition of SEEA,and then extend this method to the System of National Accounts(SNA)and other data,and initially build a three-dimensional spatial data infrastructure of environment,economy and society.China has tried to compile some SEEA accounts,but the further development of SEEA spatial decomposition faces the problems that the spatial unit database has not yet been built,the data caliber is inconsistent,and the SEEA construction is not complete,which make it difficult for China to accurately divide the tasks and benefits of environmental governance in various regions,and damp the enthusiasm of local governments for environmental governance.To this end,the following policy measures proposed:determine the spatial resolution and establish a comprehensive and unified spatial unit database;collect and coordinate data,establish spatial data infrastructure;build SEEA in an all-round way and provide sufficient total data for spatial decomposition;decompose SEEA,SNA and other data,and draw a comprehensive data map of environment,economy and society;improve spatial data management methods,improve data quality and ease of use.