《神农本草经》与经方应用之牡蛎篇

Application of Muli(Ostreae Conch)in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and Classic Formulas

通过对比《神农本草经》中记载牡蛎的功效与张仲景在经方中对牡蛎的应用,发现牡蛎主“伤寒寒热,温疟洒洒”,常配伍天花粉、桂枝、炙甘草、蜀漆、龙骨,如栝楼牡蛎散、桂枝去芍药加蜀漆牡蛎龙骨救逆汤;主“惊恚怒气”,多配伍柴胡、清半夏、黄芩、龙骨,以柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤为代表方;“除拘缓”,多配伍寒水石、石膏、龙骨、菊花、白术,代表方如风引汤、侯氏黑散;主“鼠瘘”则配伍柴胡、干姜、天花粉、黄芩,如柴胡桂枝干姜汤;治疗“女子带下赤白”,配伍龙骨、桂枝、炙甘草、白芍,如桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤。除《神农本草经》所载功效外,张仲景运用牡蛎经方还有新的发展,牡蛎配伍泽泻、葶苈子、商路利湿逐水治水肿,如牡蛎泽泻散;牡蛎配白术健脾利湿安胎,如白术散等。

The efficacy of Muli(Ostreae Conch)recorded in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica was compared with ZHANG Zhongjing’s application of Muli in the classic formulas.Muli is mainly used to treat cold damage with aversion to cold and fever,warm malaria with shivering,mainly combined with Tianhuafen(Trichosanthis Radix),Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus),Zhigancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle),Shuqi(Dichroae Ramulus)and Longgu,such as Gualou Muli Powder(栝楼牡蛎散),Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Shuqi Muli Longgu Jiuni Decoction(桂枝去芍药加蜀漆牡蛎龙骨救逆汤).It is mainly used to treat disease marked by fright,resentment and anger,mainly combined with Chaihu(Bupleuri Radix),Qingbanxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum),Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)and Longgu(Fossilizid),represented by Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction(柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤).It is mainly used to eliminate contracture,mainly combined with Hanshuishi(Calcitum),Shigao(Gypsum),Longgu,Juhua(Chrysanthemi Flos)and Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),represented by Fengyin Decoction(风引汤)and Houshi Hei Powder(侯氏黑散).It is mainly used to relieve scrofula,mainly combined with Chaihu,Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma),Tianhuafen and Huangqin,such as Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction(柴胡桂枝干姜汤).It is mainly used to resolve red and white leucorrhea,mainly combined with Longgu,Guizhi,Zhigancao and Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba),such as Guizhi Jia Longgu Muli Decoction(桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤).In addition to the efficacy contained in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica,ZHANG Zhongjing made new development in the application of classic formulas containing Muli.Combined with Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma),Tinglizi(Lepidii Semen)and Shanglu(Phytolaccae Radix),Muli could drain dampness,expel water to treat edema,such as Muli Zexie Powder(牡蛎泽泻散).Combined with Baizhu,Muli could invigorate spleen,drain dampness and prevent abortion,such as Baizhu Powder(白术散).